A nurse and a newly licensed nurse are providing care for a client who has distributive shock. How should the nurse explain the pathophysiology of distributive shock to the newly licensed nurse?
"Distributive shock occurs due to increased systemic vascular resistance."
"Distributive shock occurs due to systemic vasodilation."
"Distributive shock occurs due to loss of myocardial contractility."
"Distributive shock occurs due to loss of blood volume."
The Correct Answer is B
A. Increased systemic vascular resistance is typically associated with hypovolemic or cardiogenic shock, not distributive shock.
B. Distributive shock is characterized by systemic vasodilation, which leads to a decrease in systemic vascular resistance and results in inadequate tissue perfusion despite normal or increased cardiac output.
C. Loss of myocardial contractility is related to cardiogenic shock, not distributive shock.
D. Loss of blood volume is a characteristic of hypovolemic shock, whereas distributive shock occurs even when blood volume is normal due to vasodilation.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Administering hypertonic saline (3% NaCl) is appropriate for treating severe hyponatremia, as it helps to raise sodium levels safely. Restricting water intake is also necessary to prevent further dilution of sodium.
B. Fluid restriction with a loop diuretic may not be effective in this scenario and can worsen the hyponatremia by causing further fluid loss without addressing the sodium levels.
C. Isotonic saline is not indicated for correcting severe hyponatremia, and encouraging oral fluid intake could exacerbate the condition.
D. Increasing oral sodium intake is not sufficient for immediate correction of severe hyponatremia and does not address the acute nature of the client’s symptoms.