A nurse advises a client with osteoporosis to have three servings of milk or dairy products daily. Which of the following levels of prevention is being used by the nurse?
Secondary prevention
Primary prevention
Proactive prevention
Tertiary prevention
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason:
Secondary prevention involves early detection and treatment of disease to halt its progression. Examples include screening tests and early interventions. Advising a client with osteoporosis to consume dairy products is not aimed at early detection but rather at preventing the onset of complications by ensuring adequate calcium intake.
Choice B reason:
Primary prevention aims to prevent the onset of disease or injury before it occurs. This includes measures such as vaccinations, lifestyle modifications, and dietary recommendations. Advising a client with osteoporosis to consume three servings of milk or dairy products daily is a primary prevention strategy. It helps to maintain bone density and prevent fractures by ensuring adequate calcium and vitamin D intake.
Choice C reason:
Proactive prevention is not a standard term used in public health or medical practice. The recognized levels of prevention are primary, secondary, and tertiary. Therefore, this option is not applicable in this context.
Choice D reason:
Tertiary prevention focuses on managing and mitigating the effects of an existing disease to prevent further complications and improve quality of life. This includes rehabilitation and ongoing treatment for chronic conditions. While advising a client with osteoporosis to consume dairy products can be part of managing the condition, it is primarily a preventive measure to avoid further bone loss and fractures, aligning more with primary prevention.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Restricting visitors to a few hours in the afternoon to promote client rest can help reduce fatigue, but it does not directly address the need to conserve energy throughout the day. While managing visitor times can be part of an overall strategy, it is not the most effective way to conserve energy for essential activities.
Choice B reason:
Scheduling all activities within a small block of time to allow the client a longer, uninterrupted rest period may lead to fatigue and decreased performance. Concentrating activities in a short time frame can be overwhelming and counterproductive, especially for clients with limited energy reserves.
Choice C reason:
Scheduling toilet breaks before and after any other planned activity is practical for managing personal needs but does not specifically address energy conservation. While it ensures that the client is comfortable, it does not optimize the timing of energy-intensive activities.
Choice D reason:
Scheduling energy-intensive activities at the time of day when the client has higher energy levels is the best approach to conserve energy without compromising physical or mental health. This strategy takes advantage of the client’s natural energy peaks, allowing them to perform activities more effectively and with less fatigue. It helps balance activity and rest, promoting overall well-being.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Encouraging clients to make decisions without considering their cultural or social background is not aligned with the principles of client-centered care. Understanding and respecting clients’ cultural and social backgrounds are essential for providing holistic and effective care.
Choice B reason:
Ensuring that care plans are tailored to the individual needs and preferences of clients within their community is the cornerstone of client-centered, community-based care. This approach recognizes the unique circumstances of each client and aims to provide personalized care that meets their specific needs and preferences.
Choice C reason:
Focusing primarily on the medical treatment of diseases within a hospital setting is not consistent with community-based care. Community-based care emphasizes providing healthcare services in the community, addressing social determinants of health, and promoting overall well-being outside of hospital settings.
Choice D reason:
Prioritizing the efficiency of healthcare delivery over patient satisfaction and outcomes is contrary to the principles of client-centered care. While efficiency is important, the primary focus should be on achieving positive health outcomes and ensuring patient satisfaction.