A nurse accidentally administers the wrong medication to a client, which results in a severe allergic reaction and prolongs the client's hospitalization. The client could rightfully sue the nurse for which of the following?
Abuse
Battery
Malpractice
Assault
The Correct Answer is C
A. Abuse refers to the mistreatment of a patient, which does not apply to this scenario as the issue was an error rather than intentional harm.
B. Battery involves intentional and wrongful physical contact with another person; while the wrong medication is harmful, it was not an intentional act of violence.
C. Malpractice is the correct choice because it involves negligence in the professional duties of a healthcare provider, resulting in harm to a patient. The nurse failed to adhere to the standard of care by administering the incorrect medication.
D. Assault refers to the threat of harm or the act of creating fear of harm in another person, which is not applicable in this scenario since the nurse did not threaten the client.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Oliguria, or decreased urine output, is a common finding in hypovolemia due to reduced renal perfusion and decreased blood flow to the kidneys.
B. Hypertension is unlikely in hypovolemia; instead, clients typically exhibit hypotension due to decreased circulating blood volume.
C. Bradycardia is not a typical finding in hypovolemia; instead, tachycardia is more commonly observed as the body compensates for reduced blood volume.
D. Peripheral edema is associated with fluid overload rather than hypovolemia, as a decrease in blood volume usually leads to less fluid accumulation in the tissues.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Anuria, or the absence of urine output, indicates significant renal impairment and is a later sign of shock.
B. Hypotension is a classic sign of shock but occurs after compensatory mechanisms have failed.
C. An increased respiratory rate is often one of the earliest indicators of shock, as the body attempts to compensate for reduced oxygenation and tissue perfusion by increasing respiratory effort.
D. A decreased level of consciousness can occur with prolonged shock but typically presents after other compensatory mechanisms have been overwhelmed.