A newborn has been admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of myelomeningocele. The nurse could expect which of the following with the disorder?
Partial to complete paralysis in the lower extremities
Unilateral port-wine birthmark
A protruding sac containing abdominal contents
A fusion of cranial suture lines
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Myelomeningocele is a type of spina bifida where there is a protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord through a defect in the vertebrae. This condition can result in partial to complete paralysis in the lower extremities due to the involvement of the spinal cord.
B. A unilateral port-wine birthmark is typically associated with conditions like Sturge-Weber syndrome, not myelomeningocele.
C. A protruding sac containing abdominal contents is characteristic of omphalocele, not myelomeningocele.
D. Fusion of cranial suture lines is not associated with myelomeningocele but rather with craniosynostosis.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. A child recovering from nasopharyngitis could still be contagious, and since children with leukemia have compromised immune systems, they are at higher risk of infections.
B. A child with nephrotic syndrome, although potentially needing special care, does not pose the same infection risk as a child recovering from an infectious disease. Therefore, they are a more suitable roommate for a child with leukemia.
C. A child with gastroenteritis may still be infectious and could expose the child with leukemia to gastrointestinal pathogens.
D. A child with rheumatic fever does not have a contagious illness, but the specific needs of the child with leukemia and the potential for complications from infections make it less ideal compared to a non-infectious condition like nephrotic syndrome.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) often presents with a limited range of motion in the affected hip, particularly in abduction.
B. Asymmetry of the gluteal skinfolds, not symmetry, is a typical finding in DDH. This asymmetry is due to the improper alignment of the hip joint.
C. A positive Barlow test, where the hip can be dislocated by adduction and posterior pressure, is indicative of DDH. A negative Barlow test would suggest the absence of DDH.
D. A pale and cool leg is not a common finding in DDH. This would be more indicative of a circulatory problem, not hip dysplasia.