A newborn has been admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of myelomeningocele. The nurse could expect which of the following with the disorder?
Partial to complete paralysis in the lower extremities
Unilateral port-wine birthmark
A protruding sac containing abdominal contents
A fusion of cranial suture lines
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Myelomeningocele is a type of spina bifida where there is a protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord through a defect in the vertebrae. This condition can result in partial to complete paralysis in the lower extremities due to the involvement of the spinal cord.
B. A unilateral port-wine birthmark is typically associated with conditions like Sturge-Weber syndrome, not myelomeningocele.
C. A protruding sac containing abdominal contents is characteristic of omphalocele, not myelomeningocele.
D. Fusion of cranial suture lines is not associated with myelomeningocele but rather with craniosynostosis.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Profound cyanosis is a key sign of tricuspid atresia, a congenital heart defect where the tricuspid valve is absent, leading to poor oxygenation of the blood.
B. Periorbital edema is not typically associated with tricuspid atresia; it might be seen in other conditions like nephrotic syndrome.
C. Absent femoral pulses suggest coarctation of the aorta rather than tricuspid atresia.
D. Decreased blood pressure in the lower extremities is also more indicative of coarctation of the aorta, not tricuspid atresia.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Fluid intake is usually restricted to prevent fluid overload, which can worsen edema and hypertension in acute glomerulonephritis.
B. Administering antibiotics may be necessary, especially if the condition is secondary to a streptococcal infection, which is a common cause of acute glomerulonephritis.
C. Rest is typically encouraged rather than frequent ambulation, as activity can exacerbate symptoms.
D. Daily weights, not weekly, are crucial for monitoring fluid balance in acute glomerulonephritis.