A newborn has been admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of myelomeningocele. The nurse could expect which of the following with the disorder?
Partial to complete paralysis in the lower extremities
Unilateral port-wine birthmark
A protruding sac containing abdominal contents
A fusion of cranial suture lines
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Myelomeningocele is a type of spina bifida where there is a protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord through a defect in the vertebrae. This condition can result in partial to complete paralysis in the lower extremities due to the involvement of the spinal cord.
B. A unilateral port-wine birthmark is typically associated with conditions like Sturge-Weber syndrome, not myelomeningocele.
C. A protruding sac containing abdominal contents is characteristic of omphalocele, not myelomeningocele.
D. Fusion of cranial suture lines is not associated with myelomeningocele but rather with craniosynostosis.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Oral penicillin is not a primary treatment for nephrotic syndrome. Antibiotics may be used if there is an associated infection, but they are not central to the management of nephrotic syndrome itself.
B. Labetalol is a medication used for hypertension and would not be specifically indicated for nephrotic syndrome unless hypertension is present.
C. Aggressive intravenous fluid resuscitation is not typically used in nephrotic syndrome; instead, fluid management focuses on balancing fluid intake and output carefully.
D. Prednisone, a corticosteroid, is commonly used to reduce inflammation and proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome. It helps to manage the condition effectively by addressing the underlying inflammation.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. The child’s reluctance to change clothes in front of others might suggest body image issues, but it doesn’t directly indicate spinal curvature.
B. Difficulty finding pants that fit evenly over the hips could indicate a scoliosis-related curvature, where one hip may be higher than the other.
C. Back pain could be related to various conditions, including scoliosis, but by itself, it’s not definitive for spinal curvature.
D. Daily use of ibuprofen for hip pain may indicate musculoskeletal issues but doesn’t directly relate to spinal curvature or scoliosis.