A mediator suggests that the nurse manager and staff members establish a group agreement before resolving conflicts. It is important to have agreements about how team members will work together because:
people are dishonest by nature and will not work well together without accountability.
without agreements, implicit permission is granted for people to behave in any manner they see fit.
agreements reinforce that though bickering and backbiting inevitably occur during meetings, they are never personal.
agreements serve to distinguish cooperative team members from nonproductive ones.
The Correct Answer is B
A. This option reflects a negative view of human nature and does not fully capture the importance of agreements in fostering a collaborative environment.
B. Establishing agreements provides clear expectations for behavior and interactions, preventing misunderstandings and conflicts. Without such agreements, team members may feel free to act without consideration for others, leading to discord.
C. While agreements may help mitigate personal conflicts, their primary purpose is to set standards for behavior rather than to justify negative interactions.
D. While agreements can help identify roles within a team, their main function is to ensure respectful and productive interactions among all members rather than simply distinguishing between types of members.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Fidelity refers to the obligation to keep promises and commitments made to patients, but it does not specifically address the concept of causing harm.
B. Nonmaleficence is the ethical principle that emphasizes the importance of "do no harm." It focuses on protecting clients from harm and ensuring safety in their care.
C. Justice pertains to fairness and equality in the distribution of healthcare resources and services but does not directly address the issue of harm.
D. Beneficence involves actions that promote the well-being of patients and can include doing good, but it does not specifically emphasize the avoidance of harm as nonmaleficence does.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) ensures patients are informed of their rights, but it does not provide a basis for changing a living will when a patient is incapacitated.
B. A durable power of attorney for health care can make decisions on behalf of the client but cannot simply cancel the living will without considering the client's wishes as outlined in it.
C. Family members cannot arbitrarily change a living will, especially when the client is unconscious; the living will reflects the client’s predetermined wishes.
D. The living will is a legal document that outlines the client’s preferences regarding lifesaving measures and should be followed even if the client is unconscious.