A jaundiced client has just been diagnosed with stage IV pancreatic cancer. The nurse anticipates the client will display which clinical manifestation?
Clay-colored stools
Hematuria
Pale dilute urine
Weight gain
The Correct Answer is A
A. Stage IV pancreatic cancer often leads to bile duct obstruction, causing decreased bile flow into the intestines. This results in clay-colored stools due to the absence of bile pigments.
B. Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is not a common symptom of pancreatic cancer, even in advanced stages. It is more associated with conditions affecting the urinary system.
C. Jaundice causes dark, concentrated urine rather than pale, dilute urine due to the accumulation of bilirubin in the bloodstream, which is excreted through the kidneys.
D. Weight loss, rather than weight gain, is a common manifestation in clients with advanced pancreatic cancer due to malabsorption and cachexia.
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View Related questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The initial assessment describes a state of confusion where the patient is awake but experiencing forgetfulness and difficulty following commands. The subsequent assessment indicates lethargy, as the patient is now sleepy and has slow responses, which aligns with the definitions of confusion and lethargy.
B. While confusion is present in the first assessment, stupor describes a state of near-unconsciousness, which does not match the second assessment.
C. Although lethargy is appropriate for the second assessment, obtunded refers to a state where the patient is less aware and has difficulty arousing, which is not accurately described here.
D. The first assessment indicates confusion, but the patient is not fully conscious as described in the second assessment, which does not align with this option.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Reading glasses do not offer sufficient protection against the light sensitivity that results from photodynamic therapy. Special protective eyewear is needed to protect the eyes from exposure to bright light during recovery.
B. Clients are usually instructed to fast before treatments that involve anesthesia or sedation, such as photodynamic therapy. Eating a full breakfast is not typically recommended before this type of treatment.
C. After photodynamic therapy, clients become extremely sensitive to light, including sunlight. Exposure to sunlight or strong indoor lights can cause skin damage, so clients are advised to avoid sun exposure for at least 6 weeks.
D. Skin markings made for treatment guidance should be preserved between treatments, but this is less critical in photodynamic therapy compared to radiation therapy, where precise location is essential for targeting tumors.