A jaundiced client has just been diagnosed with stage IV pancreatic cancer. The nurse anticipates the client will display which clinical manifestation?
Clay-colored stools
Hematuria
Pale dilute urine
Weight gain
The Correct Answer is A
A. Stage IV pancreatic cancer often leads to bile duct obstruction, causing decreased bile flow into the intestines. This results in clay-colored stools due to the absence of bile pigments.
B. Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is not a common symptom of pancreatic cancer, even in advanced stages. It is more associated with conditions affecting the urinary system.
C. Jaundice causes dark, concentrated urine rather than pale, dilute urine due to the accumulation of bilirubin in the bloodstream, which is excreted through the kidneys.
D. Weight loss, rather than weight gain, is a common manifestation in clients with advanced pancreatic cancer due to malabsorption and cachexia.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. While stomatitis can cause discomfort and complications, it is not an immediate threat compared to infection risk.
B. The client with leukemia may require monitoring, but the antiemetic is pre-emptive and not immediately critical.
C. The client with neutropenia and a possible infection poses the highest risk, as they are vulnerable to severe complications due to their compromised immune system. Immediate assessment is necessary to manage and treat potential infections promptly.
D. The breast cancer client scheduled for radiation requires care but is not in an urgent condition compared to the neutropenic patient.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. A history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery is not a direct risk factor for colorectal cancer; in some cases, it may reduce risk due to weight loss and dietary changes.
B. A high fiber, low fat diet is considered protective against colorectal cancer rather than a risk factor.
C. A personal history of inflammatory bowel disease, such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, significantly increases the risk for developing colorectal cancer due to chronic inflammation and cellular changes in the colon.
D. Having a distant relative with colorectal cancer may increase risk, but the personal history of inflammatory bowel disease is a stronger risk factor warranting emphasis in teaching.