A jaundiced client has just been diagnosed with stage IV pancreatic cancer. The nurse anticipates the client will display which clinical manifestation?
Clay-colored stools
Hematuria
Pale dilute urine
Weight gain
The Correct Answer is A
A. Stage IV pancreatic cancer often leads to bile duct obstruction, causing decreased bile flow into the intestines. This results in clay-colored stools due to the absence of bile pigments.
B. Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is not a common symptom of pancreatic cancer, even in advanced stages. It is more associated with conditions affecting the urinary system.
C. Jaundice causes dark, concentrated urine rather than pale, dilute urine due to the accumulation of bilirubin in the bloodstream, which is excreted through the kidneys.
D. Weight loss, rather than weight gain, is a common manifestation in clients with advanced pancreatic cancer due to malabsorption and cachexia.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. A profound feeling of tiredness is a common side effect of radiation therapy due to fatigue caused by the treatment itself and the body's response to cancer.
B. Renal impairment is not a typical direct side effect of radiation therapy for esophageal cancer; it is more commonly associated with treatments targeting the kidneys or systemic therapies.
C. Expectoration of frothy sputum may indicate pulmonary issues or fluid overload but is not a common side effect specifically related to radiation therapy for esophageal cancer.
D. Development of bone marrow suppression is possible but less common specifically with radiation therapy compared to chemotherapy, which is more directly associated with this side effect.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Inserting an oral airway and suctioning may be indicated for airway management, but the primary concern is the impaired function of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves, which affects swallowing and the risk of aspiration.
B. Withholding oral fluids or foods is crucial because impaired function of these cranial nerves increases the risk of aspiration and can lead to choking or pneumonia, making this the priority action.
C. Speaking clearly while facing the client is a good communication practice but does not address the immediate concern of impaired swallowing and risk of aspiration.
D. Applying artificial tears is important for protecting the cornea, but it is not directly related to the functions of CN IX and CN X or the immediate management of swallowing difficulties.