A jaundiced client has just been diagnosed with stage IV pancreatic cancer. The nurse anticipates the client will display which clinical manifestation?
Clay-colored stools
Hematuria
Pale dilute urine
Weight gain
The Correct Answer is A
A. Stage IV pancreatic cancer often leads to bile duct obstruction, causing decreased bile flow into the intestines. This results in clay-colored stools due to the absence of bile pigments.
B. Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is not a common symptom of pancreatic cancer, even in advanced stages. It is more associated with conditions affecting the urinary system.
C. Jaundice causes dark, concentrated urine rather than pale, dilute urine due to the accumulation of bilirubin in the bloodstream, which is excreted through the kidneys.
D. Weight loss, rather than weight gain, is a common manifestation in clients with advanced pancreatic cancer due to malabsorption and cachexia.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Large tumors with distant metastasis may not respond well to radiation therapy, as the effectiveness diminishes when cancer spreads beyond the primary site.
B. While radiation can be effective for superficial cancers, it is most impactful when the cancer is localized.
C. Radiation therapy is most effective for localized cancers, where the treatment can target the tumor directly without affecting surrounding healthy tissues extensively.
D. Cancer spread to multiple sites in one organ complicates treatment and may reduce the efficacy of radiation therapy, as multiple targets may require different approaches.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. While a diet of soft foods and liquid protein may be beneficial for a client undergoing chemotherapy, it is not the most critical intervention related to thrombocytopenia. Nutritional needs can be managed but do not address the immediate risk of bleeding or injury.
B. Teaching safety in the home to reduce injury and falls is the most important intervention. Clients with thrombocytopenia have a significantly increased risk of bleeding and bruising, making it essential to prevent falls and injuries that could lead to serious complications.
C. Spacing activities throughout the day can help manage fatigue, but it is not as urgent as ensuring the client is safe from injuries related to low platelet counts.
D. Frequent hand hygiene is important to prevent infections, especially in immunocompromised patients, but it does not directly address the primary concern of preventing injuries related to thrombocytopenia.