A home health nurse is caring for a client who has unilateral mastitis and is experiencing discomfort in the affected breast.Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Suggest the client apply warm compresses to the affected breast.
Recommend the client avoid wearing a nursing bra until symptoms resolve.
Encourage the client to limit oral fluid intake to decrease milk production.
Tell the client to apply hydrocortisone ointment to the affected area of the breast
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Warm compresses can help alleviate pain and inflammation associated with mastitis. The heat from the compresses increases blood flow to the affected area, promoting healing and reducing discomfort.
Choice B rationale
Wearing a nursing bra can provide support and reduce discomfort for individuals with mastitis. Avoiding a nursing bra may lead to increased pain and discomfort due to lack of support.
Choice C rationale
Limiting oral fluid intake is not recommended for individuals with mastitis. Adequate hydration is essential for overall health and can help maintain milk production, which is important for breastfeeding mothers.
Choice D rationale
Hydrocortisone ointment is not typically recommended for treating mastitis. The primary treatment for mastitis includes antibiotics, pain relief, and supportive measures such as warm compresses and continued breastfeeding.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Diazepam is a benzodiazepine used primarily for anxiety, muscle spasms, and seizures. It is not recommended for opioid use disorder during pregnancy due to potential risks to the fetus, including withdrawal symptoms and developmental issues.
Choice B rationale
Methadone is a long-acting opioid agonist used to treat opioid use disorder. It helps reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings without producing the euphoria associated with opioid abuse. Methadone is considered safe for use during pregnancy and can improve maternal and fetal outcomes.
Choice C rationale
Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse opioid overdose. While it is crucial to have naloxone readily available for individuals with opioid use disorder to prevent overdose deaths, it is not a primary treatment for opioid use disorder during pregnancy.
Choice D rationale
Buprenorphine is a partial opioid agonist used to treat opioid use disorder. It is considered safe for use during pregnancy and can reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings. However, methadone is often preferred due to its longer history of use and more extensive research on its safety during pregnancy.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Administering NSAIDs every 4 to 6 hours is not a primary measure to prevent thrombophlebitis. NSAIDs are used for pain relief and inflammation reduction, but they do not directly prevent blood clots.
Choice B rationale
Applying elastic stockings before the client gets out of bed can help prevent blood clots by promoting blood flow in the legs. However, this measure alone is not sufficient to prevent thrombophlebitis.
Choice C rationale
Ambulation, or walking, is one of the most effective measures to prevent thrombophlebitis. It promotes circulation and prevents blood from pooling in the legs, reducing the risk of clot formation.
Choice D rationale
Applying warm, moist packs to the client’s lower legs can help relieve pain and inflammation but does not directly prevent thrombophlebitis. This measure is more supportive rather than preventive.