A group of nurses are discussing risk factors for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from clients. Which of the following individuals should the nurse identify as being at the greatest risk for contracting HIV?
A phlebotomist who collects blood from clients who have HIV.
A nurse who works for an insurance company and collects urine samples from clients who have HIV.
An occupational therapist who works with a client who has HIV.
A personal trainer who works with a client who has HIV.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
A phlebotomist who collects blood from clients who have HIV is at the greatest risk for contracting HIV. This is because they are frequently exposed to blood, which is a bodily fluid that can transmit HIV if proper precautions are not taken.
Choice B rationale
A nurse who works for an insurance company and collects urine samples from clients who have HIV is at a lower risk compared to a phlebotomist. Urine is not a common transmission route for HIV.
Choice C rationale
An occupational therapist who works with a client who has HIV is at a lower risk compared to a phlebotomist. Occupational therapists are not typically exposed to blood or other high-risk bodily fluids.
Choice D rationale
A personal trainer who works with a client who has HIV is at a lower risk compared to a phlebotomist. Personal trainers are not typically exposed to blood or other high-risk bodily fluids.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Actinic keratosis is a precancerous condition that appears as rough, scaly patches on sun-exposed skin.
Choice B rationale
Malignant melanoma is a more aggressive form of skin cancer that often appears as a new, unusual growth or a change in an existing mole.
Choice C rationale
Squamous cell carcinoma typically appears as a firm, red nodule or a flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface.
Choice D rationale
Basal cell carcinoma often appears as a raised, flesh-colored lesion with pearly and waxy borders. It is the most common type of skin cancer and typically occurs in areas exposed to the sun.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Stating that the client had an allergic reaction to the ordered meperidine is not objective and does not provide specific details about the client’s condition.
Choice B rationale
Notifying the primary health care provider because the client developed a rash after receiving an opioid analgesic is important, but it does not include all the necessary details about the client’s condition.
Choice C rationale
Documenting that the client’s skin was warm and flushed, and a rash was noted on the chest and back is important, but it does not include the timing of the reaction or the client’s temperature.
Choice D rationale
Documenting that thirty minutes after receiving meperidine, the temperature was 101°F (38.3°C), the client’s skin was warm and flushed, and a rash was noted on the chest and back provides a complete and objective account of the client’s condition and the timing of the reaction.