A group of nurses are discussing risk factors for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from clients. Which of the following individuals should the nurse identify as being at the greatest risk for contracting HIV?
A phlebotomist who collects blood from clients who have HIV.
A nurse who works for an insurance company and collects urine samples from clients who have HIV.
An occupational therapist who works with a client who has HIV.
A personal trainer who works with a client who has HIV.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
A phlebotomist who collects blood from clients who have HIV is at the greatest risk for contracting HIV. This is because they are frequently exposed to blood, which is a bodily fluid that can transmit HIV if proper precautions are not taken.
Choice B rationale
A nurse who works for an insurance company and collects urine samples from clients who have HIV is at a lower risk compared to a phlebotomist. Urine is not a common transmission route for HIV.
Choice C rationale
An occupational therapist who works with a client who has HIV is at a lower risk compared to a phlebotomist. Occupational therapists are not typically exposed to blood or other high-risk bodily fluids.
Choice D rationale
A personal trainer who works with a client who has HIV is at a lower risk compared to a phlebotomist. Personal trainers are not typically exposed to blood or other high-risk bodily fluids.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Cataracts cause the lens of the eye to become cloudy, leading to a decreased ability to perceive colors. This is due to the scattering of light as it passes through the cloudy lens, which reduces the clarity and vibrancy of colors.
Choice B rationale
Loss of peripheral vision is more commonly associated with glaucoma, a condition where increased intraocular pressure damages the optic nerve.
Choice C rationale
Seeing bright flashes of light and floaters is typically a symptom of retinal detachment, a serious condition where the retina pulls away from its normal position.
Choice D rationale
Loss of central vision is often linked to macular degeneration, a condition that affects the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Timolol is a beta-blocker used to reduce intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma. It is not intended for short-term use or gradual tapering off. The medication must be used consistently to maintain its therapeutic effect.
Choice B rationale
Timolol should be applied on a regular schedule for the rest of the client’s life to effectively manage intraocular pressure and prevent further damage to the optic nerve.
Choice C rationale
Timolol does not cure glaucoma or normalize intraocular pressure permanently. Continuous use is necessary to control the condition.
Choice D rationale
Timolol is not used as a pain reliever. It is specifically prescribed to manage intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients.