A group of nurses are discussing risk factors for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from clients. Which of the following individuals should the nurse identify as being at the greatest risk for contracting HIV?
A phlebotomist who collects blood from clients who have HIV.
A nurse who works for an insurance company and collects urine samples from clients who have HIV.
An occupational therapist who works with a client who has HIV.
A personal trainer who works with a client who has HIV.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
A phlebotomist who collects blood from clients who have HIV is at the greatest risk for contracting HIV. This is because they are frequently exposed to blood, which is a bodily fluid that can transmit HIV if proper precautions are not taken.
Choice B rationale
A nurse who works for an insurance company and collects urine samples from clients who have HIV is at a lower risk compared to a phlebotomist. Urine is not a common transmission route for HIV.
Choice C rationale
An occupational therapist who works with a client who has HIV is at a lower risk compared to a phlebotomist. Occupational therapists are not typically exposed to blood or other high-risk bodily fluids.
Choice D rationale
A personal trainer who works with a client who has HIV is at a lower risk compared to a phlebotomist. Personal trainers are not typically exposed to blood or other high-risk bodily fluids.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Auscultating for wheezing is important but not the first action. The priority is to administer epinephrine to counteract the severe allergic reaction.
Choice B rationale
Assessing the client’s level of consciousness is important but not the first action. Administering epinephrine takes precedence to stabilize the client’s condition.
Choice C rationale
Administering epinephrine is the first action. It is crucial to counteract the severe allergic reaction and prevent further complications.
Choice D rationale
Monitoring for hypotension is important but not the first action. Administering epinephrine is the priority to stabilize the client’s condition.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Actinic keratosis is a precancerous condition that appears as rough, scaly patches on sun-exposed skin.
Choice B rationale
Malignant melanoma is a more aggressive form of skin cancer that often appears as a new, unusual growth or a change in an existing mole.
Choice C rationale
Squamous cell carcinoma typically appears as a firm, red nodule or a flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface.
Choice D rationale
Basal cell carcinoma often appears as a raised, flesh-colored lesion with pearly and waxy borders. It is the most common type of skin cancer and typically occurs in areas exposed to the sun.