A group of nurses are discussing risk factors for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from clients. Which of the following individuals should the nurse identify as being at the greatest risk for contracting HIV?
A phlebotomist who collects blood from clients who have HIV.
A nurse who works for an insurance company and collects urine samples from clients who have HIV.
An occupational therapist who works with a client who has HIV.
A personal trainer who works with a client who has HIV.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
A phlebotomist who collects blood from clients who have HIV is at the greatest risk for contracting HIV. This is because they are frequently exposed to blood, which is a bodily fluid that can transmit HIV if proper precautions are not taken.
Choice B rationale
A nurse who works for an insurance company and collects urine samples from clients who have HIV is at a lower risk compared to a phlebotomist. Urine is not a common transmission route for HIV.
Choice C rationale
An occupational therapist who works with a client who has HIV is at a lower risk compared to a phlebotomist. Occupational therapists are not typically exposed to blood or other high-risk bodily fluids.
Choice D rationale
A personal trainer who works with a client who has HIV is at a lower risk compared to a phlebotomist. Personal trainers are not typically exposed to blood or other high-risk bodily fluids.
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Correct Answer is ["A","C"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The use of silicone-based vaginal lubricants is recommended for clients with Sjögren’s syndrome to alleviate vaginal dryness and discomfort during intercourse.
Choice B rationale
Using dehumidifiers in the home is not recommended for clients with Sjögren’s syndrome, as it can exacerbate dryness in the eyes, mouth, and other mucous membranes.
Choice C rationale
The use of artificial tears is essential for clients with Sjögren’s syndrome to relieve dry eyes and prevent complications such as corneal ulcers.
Choice D rationale
The use of contact lenses is not recommended for clients with Sjögren’s syndrome, as it can further irritate dry eyes and increase the risk of eye infections.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Informing the client that she will need to bring the tick for testing is not necessary. While having the tick can help identify the species and potential risk, it is not required for testing for Lyme disease. The diagnosis can be made based on clinical symptoms and blood tests.
Choice B rationale
Informing the client that the tick is needed to perform a test is incorrect. The presence of the tick is not required for testing for Lyme disease. Blood tests can detect antibodies to the bacteria that cause Lyme disease, even if the tick is not available.
Choice C rationale
Referring the client for a blood test immediately is the appropriate action. Early testing can help diagnose Lyme disease and initiate treatment promptly. Blood tests can detect antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacteria that cause Lyme disease, and help confirm the diagnosis.
Choice D rationale
Asking the client about the size and color of the tick is not the most appropriate action. While this information can provide some context, it does not directly contribute to the diagnosis of Lyme disease. The priority is to refer the client for a blood test to confirm the presence of the infection.