A family of a client who has a medical history of stroke, hyperlipidemia, and peptic ulcer disease arrives at the memory care clinic with concerns about their loved one. The family states that the client has experienced worsening memory loss and forgetfulness over the last 6 months. The nurse is concerned the client is experiencing vascular dementia, due to which of the following factors?
The client's history of hyperlipidemia, because hyperlipidemia can lead to dementia due to blocked neuron communication throughout the body.
The client's history of peptic ulcer disease, because peptic ulcer disease can lead to dementia due to the loss of nerve cells in the stomach.
The client's history of peptic ulcer disease, because peptic ulcer disease can lead to dementia by destroying neuron communication in the stomach.
The client's history of stroke, because stroke can lead to dementia due to changes in the blood vessels of the brain.
The Correct Answer is D
A. While hyperlipidemia can contribute to vascular damage, it primarily increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke, rather than directly blocking neuron communication to cause dementia.
B. Peptic ulcer disease is not associated with dementia, and the loss of nerve cells in the stomach does not lead to cognitive decline.
C. Peptic ulcer disease does not cause dementia by impacting neuron communication in the stomach.
D. Vascular dementia is often caused by stroke due to reduced blood flow or damage to the blood vessels in the brain, leading to cognitive decline and memory loss.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Nicardipine is a calcium channel blocker primarily used to manage blood pressure but does not directly reduce ICP.
B. Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant used to prevent seizures, which may occur after a hemorrhage, but it does not address increased ICP.
C. Dopamine is used to increase blood pressure and cardiac output but does not play a role in reducing ICP.
D. Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that helps decrease ICP by drawing fluid from brain tissue into the bloodstream, thus relieving pressure within the skull. It is the most appropriate intervention for managing increased ICP.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The recommended sodium intake for individuals with hypertension is typically less than 2,300 mg per day, so a goal of 3,000 mg is too high.
B. For individuals with hypertension, it is recommended to limit alcohol consumption to 1 drink per day for women and 2 drinks per day for men, so 3 drinks is excessive.
C. Planning to have potassium blood levels checked when taking thiazide diuretics is important because these medications can lead to hypokalemia (low potassium levels), making this the correct response.
D. Setting a goal body weight within 25% of ideal body weight is not a standard recommendation; weight management should focus on achieving a healthy weight, rather than a specific percentage of ideal body weight.