A family of a client who has a medical history of stroke, hyperlipidemia, and peptic ulcer disease arrives at the memory care clinic with concerns about their loved one. The family states that the client has experienced worsening memory loss and forgetfulness over the last 6 months. The nurse is concerned the client is experiencing vascular dementia, due to which of the following factors?
The client's history of hyperlipidemia, because hyperlipidemia can lead to dementia due to blocked neuron communication throughout the body.
The client's history of peptic ulcer disease, because peptic ulcer disease can lead to dementia due to the loss of nerve cells in the stomach.
The client's history of peptic ulcer disease, because peptic ulcer disease can lead to dementia by destroying neuron communication in the stomach.
The client's history of stroke, because stroke can lead to dementia due to changes in the blood vessels of the brain.
The Correct Answer is D
A. While hyperlipidemia can contribute to vascular damage, it primarily increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke, rather than directly blocking neuron communication to cause dementia.
B. Peptic ulcer disease is not associated with dementia, and the loss of nerve cells in the stomach does not lead to cognitive decline.
C. Peptic ulcer disease does not cause dementia by impacting neuron communication in the stomach.
D. Vascular dementia is often caused by stroke due to reduced blood flow or damage to the blood vessels in the brain, leading to cognitive decline and memory loss.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Primary dementia is not characterized by temporary or reversible loss of brain function; it typically involves progressive and irreversible changes.
B. Forgetfulness that gradually progresses to disorientation is a common manifestation of primary dementia, indicating cognitive decline.
C. Hyper vigilant behaviors are not typical of dementia; instead, individuals may exhibit confusion or disorientation.
D. Sleeping more during the day than nighttime is not a specific manifestation of primary dementia and could be attributed to other factors, including other medical conditions or medications.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
A. Pain behind the ear is a common early symptom of Bell's palsy due to inflammation of the facial nerve.
B. Muscle distortion occurs as the facial muscles on the affected side weaken or become paralyzed, leading to an asymmetrical appearance.
C. Facial twitching is not a common manifestation of Bell's palsy; rather, it involves muscle paralysis or weakness.
D. Impaired taste, especially in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, can occur due to facial nerve involvement.
E. Hearing loss is not typically associated with Bell's palsy; it usually affects facial motorfunction, not auditory function.