A community health nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about descriptive analytics. The nurse recognizes that which of the following best describes the purpose of descriptive analytics in nursing?
To predict future client’s outcomes based on historical data.
To develop new treatment protocols based on client data.
To summarize and interpret historical client data to identify trends and patterns.
To provide real-time monitoring of client’s vital signs.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason:
Predicting future client outcomes based on historical data is the purpose of predictive analytics, not descriptive analytics. Predictive analytics uses statistical models and algorithms to forecast future events or behaviors. Descriptive analytics, on the other hand, focuses on summarizing and interpreting past data.
Choice B reason:
Developing new treatment protocols based on client data is more aligned with prescriptive analytics, which provides recommendations for actions based on data analysis. Descriptive analytics does not develop new protocols but rather helps in understanding and summarizing existing data.
Choice C reason:
Descriptive analytics involves summarizing and interpreting historical client data to identify trends and patterns. This type of analytics helps healthcare providers understand what has happened in the past and can inform decision-making by highlighting key insights and trends. It is a foundational step in data analysis that supports further predictive and prescriptive analytics.
Choice D reason:
Providing real-time monitoring of client’s vital signs is associated with real-time analytics or monitoring systems, not descriptive analytics. Descriptive analytics focuses on analyzing historical data rather than real-time data.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
The use of antibiotics to fight infections significantly improved health outcomes and reduced mortality rates from bacterial infections. However, antibiotics were not widely available until the mid-20th century. The dramatic increase in life expectancy began earlier, largely due to improvements in public health measures.
Choice B reason:
Sanitation and other public health activities were most responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the twentieth century. Improvements in sanitation, such as clean water supply, sewage treatment, and waste disposal, drastically reduced the incidence of infectious diseases. Public health initiatives, including vaccination programs and health education, also played a crucial role in preventing disease and promoting health.
Choice C reason:
Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research have contributed to advancements in medical knowledge and treatment. While these technological advancements have improved diagnostic capabilities and treatment options, they were not the primary drivers of the initial increase in life expectancy during the early 20th century.
Choice D reason:
Advances in surgical techniques and procedures have significantly improved outcomes for many medical conditions. However, these advances primarily benefited individuals who had access to surgical care and did not have as widespread an impact on overall life expectancy as public health measures did.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
The epidemiologic triangle is a model used to explain the factors that contribute to the spread of infectious diseases. It consists of three components: the agent (the cause of the disease), the host (the organism harboring the disease), and the environment (the external factors that allow the disease to spread). This model helps nurses understand how diseases are transmitted and identify strategies for prevention and control.
Choice B reason:
Levels of prevention refer to the different stages of disease prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary. While important for understanding how to prevent and manage diseases, this approach does not specifically explain the factors that allow the reproduction and spread of infectious diseases.
Choice C reason:
The natural history of disease describes the progression of a disease from its onset to its resolution, including the stages of preclinical, clinical, and recovery or death. While this concept is important for understanding disease progression, it does not focus on the factors that contribute to the spread of infectious diseases.
Choice D reason:
Health promotion involves activities and interventions designed to improve health and prevent disease. While health promotion is crucial for overall public health, it does not specifically address the factors that allow the reproduction and spread of infectious diseases.