A community health nurse is preparing a poster for an educational session for a group of women with whom she will be discussing the risk factors for breast cancer. Which factors increase the risk for breast cancer and should be listed on the poster? Select all that apply.
Family history of breast cancer.
Multiparity.
Exposure of the chest to high dose radiation.
Previous cancer of breast, uterus, or ovaries.
Correct Answer : A,C,D
Choice A rationale
A family history of breast cancer is a significant risk factor because genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, can be inherited and increase the likelihood of developing breast cancer.
Choice B rationale
Multiparity (having multiple pregnancies) is generally considered to reduce the risk of breast cancer. This is because pregnancy and breastfeeding lower the number of menstrual cycles a woman has, reducing her lifetime exposure to estrogen.
Choice C rationale
Exposure of the chest to high-dose radiation, especially during childhood or young adulthood, increases the risk of breast cancer. Radiation can cause mutations in breast cells, leading to cancer.
Choice D rationale
Previous cancer of the breast, uterus, or ovaries increases the risk of developing breast cancer. This is due to shared risk factors and the possibility of metastasis or recurrence.
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Correct Answer is ["B","D","F"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Avoiding the use of insect repellent on the skin and clothing is not recommended. Insect repellents containing DEET are effective in preventing tick bites, which can transmit Lyme disease. The toxicity of DEET is minimal when used as directed.
Choice B rationale
Avoiding heavily wooded areas and areas with thick underbrush is recommended to reduce the risk of tick exposure. Ticks that carry Lyme disease are commonly found in these environments.
Choice C rationale
Wearing dark clothing is not recommended as it makes it harder to spot ticks. Light-colored clothing is preferable as it allows for easier detection of ticks.
Choice D rationale
Wearing long-sleeved tops and long pants with closed shoes is recommended to minimize skin exposure and reduce the risk of tick bites.
Choice E rationale
Reporting to the primary health care provider immediately for a blood test if a tick is found is not necessary. The presence of a tick does not immediately indicate Lyme disease. Instead, the tick should be removed promptly, and the area should be monitored for signs of infection.
Choice F rationale
Bathing after being in an infested area and inspecting the body carefully for ticks is recommended. This helps in early detection and removal of ticks, reducing the risk of Lyme disease.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Drinking room temperature beverages can help minimize irritation in the mouth and throat, which is beneficial for clients with stomatitis. Cold or hot beverages can exacerbate the condition by causing discomfort and pain.
Choice B rationale
Taking a prescribed analgesic can help manage the pain associated with stomatitis. Pain management is crucial for maintaining the client’s comfort and ability to eat and drink.
Choice C rationale
Stomatitis is not contagious and cannot be spread to family members. This statement indicates a need for further teaching as it reflects a misunderstanding of the condition.
Choice D rationale
Chemotherapy can affect the immune system, making the client more susceptible to infections and conditions like stomatitis. This statement is accurate and does not indicate a need for further teaching.