A clinic nurse is caring for a 4-year-old client with acute diarrhea and mild dehydration who is afebrile, active, and alert. The nurse is providing instructions to the parent. Which statement by the parent indicates understanding?
"We can anticipate needing intravenous fluids to correct the dehydration."
"I will continue to give oral rehydration in small amounts."
"Chicken broth will replace the needed electrolytes lost."
"If my child's soft spot becomes depressed, I will notify the healthcare provider immediately."
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Intravenous fluids are generally not required if the child is alert and active with mild dehydration; oral rehydration is usually sufficient.
B. Oral rehydration solutions are appropriate for treating mild dehydration and should be given in small amounts frequently.
C. Chicken broth is not ideal for replacing electrolytes because it is low in electrolytes and high in sodium. Oral rehydration solutions are preferred.
D. A depressed soft spot (fontanel) is a sign of severe dehydration in infants. For a 4-year-old, signs of dehydration would include changes in urine output, thirst, or dry mucous membranes rather than a depressed fontanel.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. While newborns need to feed frequently, particularly breastfed infants, parents do not need to wake their baby for every feeding unless advised by their healthcare provider due to specific concerns like low birth weight.
B. After birth, the newborn receives initial vaccinations, such as the hepatitis B vaccine. The next set of vaccinations is typically administered at the 1 or 2-month check-up, so no additional immunizations are needed immediately after discharge.
C. Full head control is generally achieved by around 4 months of age, not 1 month.
D. Babies typically triple their birth weight by around 12 months of age, not by 4-6 months.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Insulin doses should not be reduced when sick, as illness often increases blood glucose levels.
B. Eating a snack before physical activity helps prevent hypoglycemia, demonstrating a good understanding of how to manage blood glucose levels during exercise.
C. Counting carbohydrates, not fat calories, is essential for managing blood glucose levels in diabetes.
D. Blood glucose levels are typically checked before meals and at other key times, rather than only after meals.