A client with chronic cancer pain describes the pain as "sharp, tingling, with numbness. The nurse would document the pain as what?
Cutaneous pain
Parasympathetic pain
Visceral pain
Deep somatic pain
Neuropathic pain
The Correct Answer is E
A. Cutaneous pain refers to pain from the skin and subcutaneous tissues, which is not described here.
B. Parasympathetic pain is not a recognized category of pain.
C. Visceral pain arises from internal organs and does not typically present as sharp, tingling, or numb.
D. Deep somatic pain is related to muscles, joints, and bones and typically does not have the sharp, tingling quality described.
E. Neuropathic pain is characterized by sharp, tingling sensations and numbness, often resulting from nerve damage, which fits the client's description.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. While posterior to anterior comparisons are used, they do not encompass the entire technique for auscultation.
B. Side-to-side comparison is the correct method as it allows for immediate assessment of differences between lung fields and helps to identify abnormal sounds effectively.
C. Interspace-by-interspace comparison is not a commonly recognized term for this method and can lead to confusion in technique.
D. Proximal to distal comparison is not specific to lung auscultation and does not effectively apply to lung assessment.
E. Top-to-bottom comparison may miss abnormalities in a specific region of the lungs; side-to-side is preferred.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. S1 and S2 heard with the diaphragm of the stethoscope is a normal finding, as these are the expected heart sounds.
B. A blowing sound heard over the mitral area with the bell of the stethoscope suggests a possible murmur, which could indicate valvular abnormalities and is considered abnormal.
C. Apical pulse palpated at the 5th intercostal space, midclavicular line is normal and expected in adults.
D. Absence of sound over carotid arteries with the bell of the stethoscope indicates no bruits and is considered normal.