A client with a leukemia has been placed on methotrexate. Which of the following mechanism of actions below describes this medication?
Stops fungal growth
Alters pH level
Inhibits replication by blocking folic acid synthesis
Inhibits helper T Cells
The Correct Answer is C
A. Stops fungal growth: Methotrexate is not an antifungal medication. This mechanism of action applies to drugs like azoles or polyenes, which are used to treat fungal infections.
B. Alters pH level: Altering pH is a mechanism used by some antacids or alkalinizing agents, not methotrexate.
C. Inhibits replication by blocking folic acid synthesis: Methotrexate is an antimetabolite that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme involved in folic acid synthesis. This inhibition impairs DNA synthesis, which is crucial in treating leukemia and other cancers.
D. Inhibits helper T cells: This mechanism of action is more closely related to immunosuppressive agents like cyclosporine or tacrolimus, which are used for preventing transplant rejection.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Lactic acidosis: Zidovudine has a black box warning for lactic acidosis, a rare but serious complication that can be life-threatening. The nurse should educate the client about symptoms of lactic acidosis, such as muscle pain and weakness.
B. Uterine Cancer: Zidovudine is not associated with uterine cancer.
C. Oral Candidiasis: This is not a black box warning for zidovudine, though oral candidiasis can occur in immunocompromised clients.
D. Thromboembolic Events: This is not a known black box warning for zidovudine.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
A. This medication should not be taken if you are lactating: Doxycycline is contraindicated in breastfeeding women as it can affect bone and teeth development in nursing infants.
B. This medication can cause hyperglycemia: Doxycycline is not known to cause hyperglycemia. This side effect is more common with certain steroids and antidiabetic drugs.
C. This medication may cause photosensitivity - Doxycycline can cause photosensitivity, making the skin more sensitive to sunlight and increasing the risk of sunburn.
D. This medication should not be taken with antacids: Doxycycline should not be taken with antacids or supplements containing calcium, magnesium, or aluminum as they can interfere with its absorption.
E. This medication may cause discoloration of the teeth: Doxycycline can cause permanent discoloration of the teeth if used during tooth development, which is why it is generally not recommended for children under 8 years or during pregnancy.