A client with a family history of cardiac disease is seeking information to control risk factors. Which lifestyle modification is most important for the nurse to encourage?
Smoking cessation.
Low-fat diet.
Stress reduction.
Regular exercise.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Smoking cessation is the most important lifestyle modification for preventing and managing cardiac disease. Smoking is a major modifiable risk factor that can cause atherosclerosis, hypertension, arrhythmias, thrombosis, and myocardial infarction. Quitting smoking has a more direct effect on improving the function and structure of the blood vessels and heart, significantly reducing the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality.
Choice B rationale
A low-fat diet is a useful lifestyle modification for preventing and managing cardiac disease, but it is not the most important one. While it helps in lowering cholesterol levels and reducing inflammation, smoking cessation has a stronger influence on overall cardiovascular health.
Choice C rationale
Stress reduction is a helpful lifestyle modification for preventing and managing cardiac disease, but it is not the most important one. Although managing stress can improve heart health, smoking cessation has a more immediate and significant impact on reducing cardiovascular risks.
Choice D rationale
Regular exercise is beneficial for preventing and managing cardiac disease, but it is not the most important lifestyle modification. Exercise helps in maintaining a healthy weight, lowering blood pressure, and improving overall cardiovascular health, but smoking cessation has a greater impact on reducing the risk of cardiovascular events.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Providing client-focused information is essential, but it does not confirm that the client has understood the critical information. It is a part of the teaching process but not a confirmation strategy.
Choice B rationale
Reinforcing key points with the client helps emphasize important information but does not ensure that the client has learned and understood it. It is a supportive strategy rather than a confirmation method.
Choice C rationale
Observing the client’s body language can provide clues about their understanding and comfort level but is not a definitive way to confirm learning. It should be used in conjunction with other strategies.
Choice D rationale
Asking the client for learning feedback is the most effective strategy for confirming that the client has understood the critical information. It encourages active participation and allows for real-time clarification.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Reporting any change in urine color is not a priority intervention for a terminally ill client who is weak, mouth breathing, and refusing anything to eat or drink. The focus should be on comfort measures.
Choice B rationale
Keeping mucous membranes moist is essential for comfort in terminally ill clients who are mouth breathing and refusing fluids. This can be achieved by offering ice chips, sips of water, or using a moist cloth.
Choice C rationale
Recording the client’s daily weight is not a priority in this situation as the client is terminally ill and the focus should be on comfort rather than monitoring weight.
Choice D rationale
Maintaining the client in high Fowler’s position is not necessary unless it helps with breathing. The priority is to keep the client comfortable.