A client who is newly diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer is being prepared for chemotherapy. Which of the following adverse effects below should the nurse educate the client regarding chemotherapy?(Select All that Apply.)
Alopecia
Bone marrow suppression
Extrapyramidal symptoms
Bleeding
Nausea
Correct Answer : A,B,D,E
A. Alopecia: Alopecia is a common side effect of chemotherapy because these medications target rapidly dividing cells, including hair follicles.
B. Bone marrow suppression: Chemotherapy can cause bone marrow suppression, leading to decreased production of blood cells, increasing the risk of anemia, infections, and bleeding.
C. Extrapyramidal symptoms: Extrapyramidal symptoms are associated with antipsychotic medications, not chemotherapy. They include symptoms like tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
D. Bleeding: Due to bone marrow suppression, chemotherapy can decrease platelet counts, increasing the risk of bleeding.
E. Nausea: Nausea and vomiting are common adverse effects of chemotherapy due to the irritation of the gastrointestinal lining and activation of the vomiting center in the brain.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Medications will need to be taken until the Mantoux test is negative: The Mantoux test (PPD) is used for diagnosis, not for monitoring treatment efficacy.
B. A typical course of treatment usually involves 6 months of consistent medication use. TB treatment typically requires at least 6 months of consistent medication adherence to fully eradicate the bacteria and prevent resistance.
C. Medications will need to be taken for the rest of the client's life, even if the client feels better: This is inaccurate. TB treatment is time-limited, though the full course must be completed.
D. The client's family will also need to take medications to prevent infection: Prophylactic treatment is not usually required for all family members, though they may need screening.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Alopecia: Alopecia is a common side effect of chemotherapy because these medications target rapidly dividing cells, including hair follicles.
B. Bone marrow suppression: Chemotherapy can cause bone marrow suppression, leading to decreased production of blood cells, increasing the risk of anemia, infections, and bleeding.
C. Extrapyramidal symptoms: Extrapyramidal symptoms are associated with antipsychotic medications, not chemotherapy. They include symptoms like tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
D. Bleeding: Due to bone marrow suppression, chemotherapy can decrease platelet counts, increasing the risk of bleeding.
E. Nausea: Nausea and vomiting are common adverse effects of chemotherapy due to the irritation of the gastrointestinal lining and activation of the vomiting center in the brain.