A client who is newly diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer is being prepared for chemotherapy. Which of the following adverse effects below should the nurse educate the client regarding chemotherapy?(Select All that Apply.)
Alopecia
Bone marrow suppression
Extrapyramidal symptoms
Bleeding
Nausea
Correct Answer : A,B,D,E
A. Alopecia: Alopecia is a common side effect of chemotherapy because these medications target rapidly dividing cells, including hair follicles.
B. Bone marrow suppression: Chemotherapy can cause bone marrow suppression, leading to decreased production of blood cells, increasing the risk of anemia, infections, and bleeding.
C. Extrapyramidal symptoms: Extrapyramidal symptoms are associated with antipsychotic medications, not chemotherapy. They include symptoms like tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
D. Bleeding: Due to bone marrow suppression, chemotherapy can decrease platelet counts, increasing the risk of bleeding.
E. Nausea: Nausea and vomiting are common adverse effects of chemotherapy due to the irritation of the gastrointestinal lining and activation of the vomiting center in the brain.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Alcohol consumption: Metronidazole has a disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol, which can cause severe nausea, vomiting, flushing, and tachycardia. Clients should avoid alcohol during and for at least 48 hours after the completion of metronidazole therapy.
B. Tyramine-based foods: Avoiding tyramine-rich foods is important with certain MAOIs due to the risk of hypertensive crisis, not with metronidazole.
C. Apple Juice: There is no significant interaction between metronidazole and apple juice.
D. Soy beans: Soybeans do not have an interaction with metronidazole.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Uterine cancer: No known contraindications exist between this condition and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim.
B. Client taking captopril for hypertension: Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim can increase potassium levels, and captopril (an ACE inhibitor) also raises potassium levels. Using these drugs together increases the risk of hyperkalemia, a dangerous condition.
C. Osteoporosis: This condition does not contraindicate the use of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim.
D. Multiple Sclerosis: No known contraindications exist for this condition with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim.