A client who is newly diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer is being prepared for chemotherapy. Which of the following adverse effects below should the nurse educate the client regarding chemotherapy?(Select All that Apply.)
Alopecia
Bone marrow suppression
Extrapyramidal symptoms
Bleeding
Nausea
Correct Answer : A,B,D,E
A. Alopecia: Alopecia is a common side effect of chemotherapy because these medications target rapidly dividing cells, including hair follicles.
B. Bone marrow suppression: Chemotherapy can cause bone marrow suppression, leading to decreased production of blood cells, increasing the risk of anemia, infections, and bleeding.
C. Extrapyramidal symptoms: Extrapyramidal symptoms are associated with antipsychotic medications, not chemotherapy. They include symptoms like tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
D. Bleeding: Due to bone marrow suppression, chemotherapy can decrease platelet counts, increasing the risk of bleeding.
E. Nausea: Nausea and vomiting are common adverse effects of chemotherapy due to the irritation of the gastrointestinal lining and activation of the vomiting center in the brain.
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View Related questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Tendon rupture: Tendon rupture is not a side effect associated with estrogen blockers.
B. Phlebitis: While thromboembolic events are a risk, phlebitis (inflammation of a vein) is not a typical concern.
C. Increased risk of lymphomas: Estrogen blockers are not known to increase the risk of lymphomas.
D. Thromboembolic events: Estrogen blockers, such as tamoxifen, are associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events (e.g., deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism).
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Stops fungal growth: Methotrexate is not an antifungal medication. This mechanism of action applies to drugs like azoles or polyenes, which are used to treat fungal infections.
B. Alters pH level: Altering pH is a mechanism used by some antacids or alkalinizing agents, not methotrexate.
C. Inhibits replication by blocking folic acid synthesis: Methotrexate is an antimetabolite that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme involved in folic acid synthesis. This inhibition impairs DNA synthesis, which is crucial in treating leukemia and other cancers.
D. Inhibits helper T cells: This mechanism of action is more closely related to immunosuppressive agents like cyclosporine or tacrolimus, which are used for preventing transplant rejection.