A client who is 12 weeks pregnant has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which instruction should the nurse provide related to insulin dosages?
Fluctuate from 24 weeks to approximately 36 weeks of gestation.
Increases from 18 weeks to approximately 36 weeks of gestation.
May double or quadruple during the second trimester.
Remain stable until delivery, then increase after delivery.
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Insulin requirements generally increase as pregnancy progresses due to the growing placenta and hormones that cause insulin resistance, not fluctuate significantly.
B. Insulin requirements typically begin to increase around 18 weeks of gestation and continue to rise until approximately 36 weeks due to increased insulin resistance caused by placental hormones.
C. While insulin needs do increase, they do not typically double or quadruple during the second trimester. The increase is more gradual.
D. Insulin requirements increase during pregnancy and may decrease after delivery as the placenta is no longer present, removing the source of insulin resistance.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. The presence of a supernumerary breast nipple is not related to the onset of menarche and is not a common assessment in determining sexual maturity.
B. Temporary gynecomastia is more commonly observed in adolescent boys rather than preteen girls.
C. While age can provide a rough estimate, it is not as accurate as a physical assessment of sexual maturity.
D. The Tanner staging is a reliable method used to assess sexual maturity in adolescents. It includes evaluating the development of breasts, pubic hair, and other secondary sexual characteristics, which can help determine if the client has likely reached menarche.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Examining feet daily is important for preventing foot complications, such as ulcers, in diabetics but is not directly related to preventing retinopathy and nephropathy.
B. Wearing compression stockings is not specifically recommended for preventing retinopathy or nephropathy in diabetes.
C. Maintaining stable blood glucose levels is crucial for preventing or slowing the progression of diabetic complications such as retinopathy and nephropathy. Good glycemic control minimizes the damage to blood vessels in the eyes and kidneys.
D. While regular eye exams are important for detecting retinopathy early, maintaining stable blood glucose levels is key to preventing the development of complications in the first place.