A client previously experienced a severe anaphylactic reaction to penicillin G. Which medication class should not be administered to this client due to the potential for cross-sensitivity?
Nitrates
Tetracycline
Aminoglycoside
Cephalosporins
The Correct Answer is D
A. Nitrates do not share a cross-sensitivity with penicillin and are safe to use in this client.
B. Tetracycline is a different class of antibiotics and does not have cross-sensitivity with penicillin.
C. Aminoglycosides also do not have cross-sensitivity with penicillin and can be safely administered.
D. Cephalosporins are structurally related to penicillin and have a risk of cross-sensitivity; thus, they should not be given to a client with a history of anaphylaxis to penicillin.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Metformin does not stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin; that action is characteristic of sulfonylureas.
B. Metformin does not increase the absorption of glucose in the intestines; rather, it works by reducing the amount of glucose released into the bloodstream.
C. Metformin primarily decreases glucose production in the liver and improves insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, which helps lower blood sugar levels. This makes it effective for managing type 2 diabetes.
D. While metformin can have effects on fat metabolism, its primary action is not to decrease fat breakdown but to manage blood glucose levels.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. A drug that binds tightly to protein is typically released slowly, not quickly, as it remains bound in circulation.
B. Tight binding to proteins usually results in a prolonged duration of action since the drug is released gradually into the bloodstream, leading to sustained therapeutic effects.
C. Drugs that bind tightly to protein are generally not excreted quickly; they remain in circulation longer due to the binding.
D. While toxicity can occur with any drug, tight protein binding does not inherently lead to toxicity; it primarily affects the pharmacokinetics of the drug.