A client is experiencing a cholinergic crisis after being administered pyridostigmine IV. The nurse should administer which of the following reversal agents?
Galantamine
Physostigmine
Flumazenil
Atropine
The Correct Answer is D
A. Galantamine is a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and would not be effective in treating a cholinergic crisis.
B. Physostigmine is also a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and would not be suitable for reversing a cholinergic crisis.
C. Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist used to reverse benzodiazepine effects, not cholinergic crises.
D. Atropine is an anticholinergic medication that is effective in reversing the effects of excessive acetylcholine during a cholinergic crisis, making it the appropriate choice in this situation.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
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B. Metoprolol is a beta-blocker that is used for different indications and is not a direct substitute for ACE inhibitors.
C. Furosemide is a loop diuretic used for fluid management, not as an alternative to ACE inhibitors.
D. Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and serves as a suitable alternative to ACE inhibitors for patients who experience a cough from them, as ARBs do not typically cause this side effect.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Epinephrine is primarily used for anaphylaxis and severe asthma attacks; it is not effective in reversing opioid overdose.
B. Protamine is an antidote for heparin, not for opioid overdose.
C. Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist and is not indicated for opioid overdose; it can potentially precipitate seizures in patients with mixed drug overdoses.
D. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist specifically indicated for reversing the effects of opioid overdose, including respiratory depression, making it the appropriate choice in this scenario.