A client has overdosed on scopolamine (Scopace) while being treated for motion sickness. The nurse recognizes she will administer which medication for an anticholinergic overdose?
Flumazenil
Atropine
Naloxone
Physostigmine
The Correct Answer is D
A. Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist and is not indicated for anticholinergic overdose.
B. Atropine is an anticholinergic medication used to treat bradycardia and other conditions, but it would not be appropriate for treating an anticholinergic overdose, as it can worsen the symptoms.
C. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist and would not be effective in treating scopolamine overdose.
D. Physostigmine is a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor that can counteract the effects of anticholinergic agents, making it the appropriate choice for reversing scopolamine toxicity.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is effective against Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax. It is often used as a first-line treatment for exposure to anthrax, especially in its inhalational form.
B. While amoxicillin/clavulanate can treat certain infections, it is not the preferred treatment for anthrax. It is less effective against anthrax compared to ciprofloxacin.
C. Nystatin is an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections and is not indicated for anthrax treatment.
D. Metronidazole is primarily used for anaerobic bacterial and protozoal infections, making it inappropriate for treating anthrax.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Carvedilol is a beta-blocker that is often used in hypertension management but is not considered a first-line treatment.
B. Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, is a first-line treatment for hypertension due to its effectiveness and safety profile, making it a common choice for initial therapy.
C. Doxazosin is an alpha-1 blocker that can be used for hypertension but is not typically a first-line treatment due to the risk of side effects like hypotension.
D. Clonidine is a central alpha agonist used in certain situations for hypertension but is not considered a first-line therapy due to potential adverse effects and sedation.