A client diagnosed with trichomoniasis is prescribed metronidazole. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid which contraindication associated with this medication?
Alcohol consumption
Tyramine based foods
Apple Juice
Soy beans
The Correct Answer is A
A. Alcohol consumption: Metronidazole has a disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol, which can cause severe nausea, vomiting, flushing, and tachycardia. Clients should avoid alcohol during and for at least 48 hours after the completion of metronidazole therapy.
B. Tyramine-based foods: Avoiding tyramine-rich foods is important with certain MAOIs due to the risk of hypertensive crisis, not with metronidazole.
C. Apple Juice: There is no significant interaction between metronidazole and apple juice.
D. Soy beans: Soybeans do not have an interaction with metronidazole.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Retinal toxicity: Chloroquine is associated with retinal toxicity, which can lead to vision changes or damage. Regular eye exams are necessary to monitor for early signs of toxicity.
B. Tumors: Chloroquine is not associated with the development of tumors.
C. Pancytopenia: This refers to a reduction in all blood cells and is not a known adverse effect of chloroquine.
D. Cancer: Chloroquine is not linked to an increased risk of cancer.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Stops fungal growth: Methotrexate is not an antifungal medication. This mechanism of action applies to drugs like azoles or polyenes, which are used to treat fungal infections.
B. Alters pH level: Altering pH is a mechanism used by some antacids or alkalinizing agents, not methotrexate.
C. Inhibits replication by blocking folic acid synthesis: Methotrexate is an antimetabolite that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme involved in folic acid synthesis. This inhibition impairs DNA synthesis, which is crucial in treating leukemia and other cancers.
D. Inhibits helper T cells: This mechanism of action is more closely related to immunosuppressive agents like cyclosporine or tacrolimus, which are used for preventing transplant rejection.