A client diagnosed with trichomoniasis is prescribed metronidazole. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid which contraindication associated with this medication?
Alcohol consumption
Tyramine based foods
Apple Juice
Soy beans
The Correct Answer is A
A. Alcohol consumption: Metronidazole has a disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol, which can cause severe nausea, vomiting, flushing, and tachycardia. Clients should avoid alcohol during and for at least 48 hours after the completion of metronidazole therapy.
B. Tyramine-based foods: Avoiding tyramine-rich foods is important with certain MAOIs due to the risk of hypertensive crisis, not with metronidazole.
C. Apple Juice: There is no significant interaction between metronidazole and apple juice.
D. Soy beans: Soybeans do not have an interaction with metronidazole.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Regular sun exposure is needed to maximize drug efficacy: This is incorrect; in fact, doxycycline can cause photosensitivity, and sun exposure should be minimized.
B. Avoid water while taking this medication: Water should be taken with doxycycline to help prevent esophageal irritation.
C. Take this medication with antacids to relieve gastrointestinal symptoms: Antacids can also interfere with doxycycline absorption, so they should be avoided.
D. Avoid dairy products when taking this medication: Dairy products can bind to doxycycline and reduce its absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, which decreases its effectiveness. The client should avoid dairy when taking the medication.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Stops fungal growth: Methotrexate is not an antifungal medication. This mechanism of action applies to drugs like azoles or polyenes, which are used to treat fungal infections.
B. Alters pH level: Altering pH is a mechanism used by some antacids or alkalinizing agents, not methotrexate.
C. Inhibits replication by blocking folic acid synthesis: Methotrexate is an antimetabolite that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme involved in folic acid synthesis. This inhibition impairs DNA synthesis, which is crucial in treating leukemia and other cancers.
D. Inhibits helper T cells: This mechanism of action is more closely related to immunosuppressive agents like cyclosporine or tacrolimus, which are used for preventing transplant rejection.