A client diagnosed with strep throat requires antibiotics for treatment. With an allergy to penicillin, the nurse understands which medication should be avoided due to cross-sensitivity with penicillin medications?
Macrolides
Antiretrovirals
Antimalarials
Cephalosporins
The Correct Answer is D
A. Macrolides: Macrolides, such as azithromycin or erythromycin, are often used as alternatives in clients with a penicillin allergy, as they do not have a beta-lactam ring and generally do not cause cross-reactivity.
B. Antiretrovirals: Antiretrovirals are used for treating HIV/AIDS and are unrelated to penicillin antibiotics, with no cross-sensitivity concerns.
C. Antimalarials: Antimalarial drugs are used to treat malaria and are not related to penicillin antibiotics, so they would not be a concern for cross-sensitivity.
D. Cephalosporins: Cephalosporins have a beta-lactam structure similar to penicillins, which can sometimes cause cross-reactivity in clients with a penicillin allergy. However, the risk is lower with newer generations.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin): Amoxicillin/clavulanate is a broad-spectrum antibiotic but not the preferred choice for anthrax exposure.
B. Nystatin (Mycostatin): Nystatin is an antifungal medication used for treating fungal infections, such as oral thrush or cutaneous candidiasis. It is not effective against anthrax, which is a bacterial infection.
C. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro): Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, is the recommended first-line antibiotic for treating anthrax exposure due to its efficacy against Bacillus anthracis, the bacteria causing anthrax.
D. Tamoxifen: Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used primarily in the treatment of breast cancer. It has no role in treating bacterial infections like anthrax.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. This medication should be taken with a straw to avoid discoloration of the teeth: Liquid forms of iron supplements can stain teeth, so using a straw helps prevent this discoloration.
B. This medication is to be taken at night to prevent constipation from occurring: Iron supplements are better absorbed on an empty stomach or with vitamin C (during the day), not specifically at night. Constipation can still occur regardless of timing.
C. This medication should be taken with antacids to prevent gastrointestinal distress: Antacids interfere with iron absorption and should be avoided.
D. This medication is to be taken with milk to enhance absorption: Milk contains calcium, which can reduce iron absorption. Iron supplements should not be taken with dairy products.