A client diagnosed with strep throat requires antibiotics for treatment. With an allergy to penicillin, the nurse understands which medication should be avoided due to cross-sensitivity with penicillin medications?
Macrolides
Antiretrovirals
Antimalarials
Cephalosporins
The Correct Answer is D
A. Macrolides: Macrolides, such as azithromycin or erythromycin, are often used as alternatives in clients with a penicillin allergy, as they do not have a beta-lactam ring and generally do not cause cross-reactivity.
B. Antiretrovirals: Antiretrovirals are used for treating HIV/AIDS and are unrelated to penicillin antibiotics, with no cross-sensitivity concerns.
C. Antimalarials: Antimalarial drugs are used to treat malaria and are not related to penicillin antibiotics, so they would not be a concern for cross-sensitivity.
D. Cephalosporins: Cephalosporins have a beta-lactam structure similar to penicillins, which can sometimes cause cross-reactivity in clients with a penicillin allergy. However, the risk is lower with newer generations.
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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Alopecia: Alopecia is a common side effect of chemotherapy because these medications target rapidly dividing cells, including hair follicles.
B. Bone marrow suppression: Chemotherapy can cause bone marrow suppression, leading to decreased production of blood cells, increasing the risk of anemia, infections, and bleeding.
C. Extrapyramidal symptoms: Extrapyramidal symptoms are associated with antipsychotic medications, not chemotherapy. They include symptoms like tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
D. Bleeding: Due to bone marrow suppression, chemotherapy can decrease platelet counts, increasing the risk of bleeding.
E. Nausea: Nausea and vomiting are common adverse effects of chemotherapy due to the irritation of the gastrointestinal lining and activation of the vomiting center in the brain.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. This medication should be taken with a straw to avoid discoloration of the teeth: Liquid forms of iron supplements can stain teeth, so using a straw helps prevent this discoloration.
B. This medication is to be taken at night to prevent constipation from occurring: Iron supplements are better absorbed on an empty stomach or with vitamin C (during the day), not specifically at night. Constipation can still occur regardless of timing.
C. This medication should be taken with antacids to prevent gastrointestinal distress: Antacids interfere with iron absorption and should be avoided.
D. This medication is to be taken with milk to enhance absorption: Milk contains calcium, which can reduce iron absorption. Iron supplements should not be taken with dairy products.