A client diagnosed with strep throat requires antibiotics for treatment. With an allergy to penicillin, the nurse understands which medication should be avoided due to cross-sensitivity with penicillin medications?
Macrolides
Antiretrovirals
Antimalarials
Cephalosporins
The Correct Answer is D
A. Macrolides: Macrolides, such as azithromycin or erythromycin, are often used as alternatives in clients with a penicillin allergy, as they do not have a beta-lactam ring and generally do not cause cross-reactivity.
B. Antiretrovirals: Antiretrovirals are used for treating HIV/AIDS and are unrelated to penicillin antibiotics, with no cross-sensitivity concerns.
C. Antimalarials: Antimalarial drugs are used to treat malaria and are not related to penicillin antibiotics, so they would not be a concern for cross-sensitivity.
D. Cephalosporins: Cephalosporins have a beta-lactam structure similar to penicillins, which can sometimes cause cross-reactivity in clients with a penicillin allergy. However, the risk is lower with newer generations.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Retinal toxicity: Chloroquine is associated with retinal toxicity, which can lead to vision changes or damage. Regular eye exams are necessary to monitor for early signs of toxicity.
B. Tumors: Chloroquine is not associated with the development of tumors.
C. Pancytopenia: This refers to a reduction in all blood cells and is not a known adverse effect of chloroquine.
D. Cancer: Chloroquine is not linked to an increased risk of cancer.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Regular sun exposure is needed to maximize drug efficacy: This is incorrect; in fact, doxycycline can cause photosensitivity, and sun exposure should be minimized.
B. Avoid water while taking this medication: Water should be taken with doxycycline to help prevent esophageal irritation.
C. Take this medication with antacids to relieve gastrointestinal symptoms: Antacids can also interfere with doxycycline absorption, so they should be avoided.
D. Avoid dairy products when taking this medication: Dairy products can bind to doxycycline and reduce its absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, which decreases its effectiveness. The client should avoid dairy when taking the medication.