A client diagnosed with strep throat requires antibiotics for treatment. With an allergy to penicillin, the nurse understands which medication should be avoided due to cross-sensitivity with penicillin medications?
Macrolides
Antiretrovirals
Antimalarials
Cephalosporins
The Correct Answer is D
A. Macrolides: Macrolides, such as azithromycin or erythromycin, are often used as alternatives in clients with a penicillin allergy, as they do not have a beta-lactam ring and generally do not cause cross-reactivity.
B. Antiretrovirals: Antiretrovirals are used for treating HIV/AIDS and are unrelated to penicillin antibiotics, with no cross-sensitivity concerns.
C. Antimalarials: Antimalarial drugs are used to treat malaria and are not related to penicillin antibiotics, so they would not be a concern for cross-sensitivity.
D. Cephalosporins: Cephalosporins have a beta-lactam structure similar to penicillins, which can sometimes cause cross-reactivity in clients with a penicillin allergy. However, the risk is lower with newer generations.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Medications will need to be taken until the Mantoux test is negative: The Mantoux test (PPD) is used for diagnosis, not for monitoring treatment efficacy.
B. A typical course of treatment usually involves 6 months of consistent medication use. TB treatment typically requires at least 6 months of consistent medication adherence to fully eradicate the bacteria and prevent resistance.
C. Medications will need to be taken for the rest of the client's life, even if the client feels better: This is inaccurate. TB treatment is time-limited, though the full course must be completed.
D. The client's family will also need to take medications to prevent infection: Prophylactic treatment is not usually required for all family members, though they may need screening.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. This medication should be taken with a straw to avoid discoloration of the teeth: Liquid forms of iron supplements can stain teeth, so using a straw helps prevent this discoloration.
B. This medication is to be taken at night to prevent constipation from occurring: Iron supplements are better absorbed on an empty stomach or with vitamin C (during the day), not specifically at night. Constipation can still occur regardless of timing.
C. This medication should be taken with antacids to prevent gastrointestinal distress: Antacids interfere with iron absorption and should be avoided.
D. This medication is to be taken with milk to enhance absorption: Milk contains calcium, which can reduce iron absorption. Iron supplements should not be taken with dairy products.