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A client diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is given a new prescription for tiotropium via an inhalation device. Which statement indicates the client understands the instructions for using this medication?

A client presents to the emergency department with muscle aches, headache, fever, and describes a recent loss of taste and smell. The nurse obtains a nasal swab for COVID-19 testing. Which action is most important for the nurse to take?

A client with emphysema is reporting difficulty in breathing and exhibiting audible wheezing. The nurse administers albuterol as prescribed for the third time within the last 12 hours. Which assessment finding warrants immediate intervention by the nurse?

A client with psoriasis returns to the clinic reporting the persistence of several silvery, scaly areas on the elbows and palms that frequently burn and sometimes bleed. Which prescription should the nurse teach the client to use for the skin condition?

The nurse is discussing dietary choices with a client who is newly diagnosed with celiac disease. Which menu choice by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

A client receives a prescription for ophthalmic ketorolac. Prior to administering the medication, the nurse should review the medical record for which condition?

The nurse is planning care for a client with a direct (sliding) hiatal hernia. Nursing actions should be planned to meet which goal?

A client is being cared for in the emergency department with acute abdominal pain and a provisional diagnosis of pancreatitis. Which information is most valuable in reporting the client’s status to the healthcare provider?

A teenage client is admitted to the emergency department following a bee sting. The client arrives with a body rash and 30 of 40 breaths per minute and a blood pressure of 90/52 mm Hg. The client is exhibiting clinical manifestations of which type of immune reaction?

A nurse is caring for a 51-year-old male client with pneumonia in the hospital. The client has a history of hypertension and takes enalapril and a multivitamin daily. His surgical history includes adenoid removal at age 4 and surgical repair of a fractured tibia at age 20.

History and Physical

The client is a 51-year-old male with pneumonia. He has a history of hypertension and takes enalapril and a multivitamin daily. His surgical history includes adenoid removal at age 4 and surgical repair of a fractured tibia at age 20.

Nurses’ Notes

The client is alert and oriented but appears fatigued. He reports shortness of breath and a productive cough with greenish sputum. The client has been receiving oxygen therapy via nasal cannula at 2 L/min. He has been compliant with his medication regimen and reports no recent changes in his health status. The client denies any chest pain but mentions occasional wheezing.

Diagnostic Results

Chest X-ray: Consolidation noted in the right middle and lower lobe consistent with pneumonia.

Vital Signs

• Temperature: 38.5°C (101.3°F)
• Heart Rate: 98 bpm
• Respiratory Rate: 24 breaths per minute
• Blood Pressure: 145/90 mmHg
• Oxygen Saturation: 92% on 2 L/min of oxygen via nasal cannula

Physical Examination Results

The client appears fatigued and is using accessory muscles to breathe. Lung auscultation reveals crackles in the right middle and lower lobes. There is no peripheral edema, and the client’s skin is warm and dry. The client has a productive cough with greenish sputum. He is alert and oriented but appears anxious.

Provider’s Prescriptions

• Continue enalapril 10 mg daily
• Acetaminophen 500 mg every 6 hours as needed for fever
• Increase oxygen to 3 L/min via nasal cannula if oxygen saturation drops below 90%
• Administer albuterol nebulizer treatment every 4 hours as needed for wheezing
• Encourage deep breathing and coughing exercises every hour

Question: Which actions can the nurse do to assist the client in improving their ventilation and oxygenation? Select all that apply.

A client who is experiencing respiratory distress is admitted with respiratory acidosis. Which pathophysiological process supports the client’s respiratory acidosis?