A client diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI) is prescribed sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. Which of the following conditions below would be a contraindication for this medication?
Uterine cancer
Client taking captopril for hypertension
Osteoporosis
Multiple Sclerosis
The Correct Answer is B
A. Uterine cancer: No known contraindications exist between this condition and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim.
B. Client taking captopril for hypertension: Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim can increase potassium levels, and captopril (an ACE inhibitor) also raises potassium levels. Using these drugs together increases the risk of hyperkalemia, a dangerous condition.
C. Osteoporosis: This condition does not contraindicate the use of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim.
D. Multiple Sclerosis: No known contraindications exist for this condition with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Macrolides: Macrolides, such as azithromycin or erythromycin, are often used as alternatives in clients with a penicillin allergy, as they do not have a beta-lactam ring and generally do not cause cross-reactivity.
B. Antiretrovirals: Antiretrovirals are used for treating HIV/AIDS and are unrelated to penicillin antibiotics, with no cross-sensitivity concerns.
C. Antimalarials: Antimalarial drugs are used to treat malaria and are not related to penicillin antibiotics, so they would not be a concern for cross-sensitivity.
D. Cephalosporins: Cephalosporins have a beta-lactam structure similar to penicillins, which can sometimes cause cross-reactivity in clients with a penicillin allergy. However, the risk is lower with newer generations.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Alopecia: Alopecia is a common side effect of chemotherapy because these medications target rapidly dividing cells, including hair follicles.
B. Bone marrow suppression: Chemotherapy can cause bone marrow suppression, leading to decreased production of blood cells, increasing the risk of anemia, infections, and bleeding.
C. Extrapyramidal symptoms: Extrapyramidal symptoms are associated with antipsychotic medications, not chemotherapy. They include symptoms like tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
D. Bleeding: Due to bone marrow suppression, chemotherapy can decrease platelet counts, increasing the risk of bleeding.
E. Nausea: Nausea and vomiting are common adverse effects of chemotherapy due to the irritation of the gastrointestinal lining and activation of the vomiting center in the brain.