A client complains about the taste of the sublingual nitro-glycerine and admits that he swallows it rather than holding it under his tongue. The nurse explains that sublingual medications:
should not be swallowed because it alters the absorption potential.
can be held against the roof of the mouth with the tongue to reduce taste.
can be inserted rectally without loss of absorption potential.
can be taken between the cheek and tongue to diminish taste.
The Correct Answer is A
A) Should not be swallowed because it alters the absorption potential: This is the correct explanation. Sublingual medications, such as nitroglycerin, are designed to be absorbed quickly through the mucous membranes under the tongue. Swallowing the medication can significantly reduce its effectiveness and delay absorption, which is crucial for medications used in acute situations like angina.
B) Can be held against the roof of the mouth with the tongue to reduce taste: This option is not correct. Holding the medication against the roof of the mouth does not facilitate the intended sublingual absorption and may not significantly mitigate the taste issue. The medication needs to dissolve under the tongue for effective absorption.
C) Can be inserted rectally without loss of absorption potential: This option is incorrect. Sublingual medications are formulated for absorption through the sublingual mucosa and would not provide the same effects if administered rectally. Different routes of administration have different absorption profiles.
D) Can be taken between the cheek and tongue to diminish taste: While this may help with taste, it does not achieve the desired sublingual absorption. For optimal effect, the medication should be held under the tongue, where it can dissolve and be absorbed directly into the bloodstream.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A) Have the client sit up straight: This is the correct action. Sitting up straight helps ensure that the medication can be properly delivered to the nasal passages and increases the likelihood of effective absorption.
B) Leave the other nostril open while giving the medication: While it is often recommended to keep the opposite nostril open to allow for airflow, the medication should be delivered to one nostril at a time. The other nostril should typically be closed or pinched shut to direct the medication effectively.
C) Have the client tilt the head forward: This option is incorrect. Tilting the head forward can make it more difficult for the medication to reach the upper nasal passages. The client should usually keep their head in a neutral position or slightly tilted back.
D) Have the client squeeze the bottle while inhaling: This action is not ideal. The client should inhale gently while the nurse squeezes the atomizer to ensure that the medication is effectively distributed throughout the nasal passages. Squeezing the bottle should be coordinated with inhalation to achieve the best results.
Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]
Explanation
A) Fill only the center of the conjunctival sac: This option is incorrect. When applying ophthalmic ointment, the ointment should be placed along the entire length of the conjunctival sac, not just the center, to ensure proper distribution and effectiveness.
B) Remove excess ointment from the lid with a cotton ball: This action is not recommended. Instead of using a cotton ball, which may introduce fibers or contaminants, excess ointment should be gently wiped away with a clean tissue or cloth if necessary. However, it is generally best to avoid excess application in the first place.
C) Remove gloves and perform hand hygiene: This option is correct. After applying the ointment, the nurse should remove gloves and perform hand hygiene to prevent any potential contamination and maintain proper infection control practices.
D) Ask the client to roll the eye around and from side to side: This is a correct action. Encouraging the client to roll their eyes helps distribute the ointment evenly across the surface of the eye, enhancing its effectiveness.
E) Ask the client to close the eyelids tightly to distribute ointment: This option is also correct. Closing the eyelids helps spread the ointment over the conjunctival surface, ensuring better coverage and absorption of the medication.