A client asks the nurse to describe what causes a murmur. What would be the correct response by the nurse?
"Poor electric impulse conduction through the heart
"Turbulent blood flow through the heart valves"
"Enlargement of the left ventricle."
"Weak contraction of the atria."
"Long-term systemic hypertension."
The Correct Answer is B
A. Poor electrical impulse conduction may lead to arrhythmias but does not cause a murmur.
B. A heart murmur is caused by turbulent blood flow, often through narrowed or leaking valves, creating an abnormal heart sound.
C. Left ventricular enlargement can contribute to other cardiac issues but does not directly cause murmurs.
D. Weak atrial contractions may lead to decreased cardiac output but not necessarily to a murmur.
E. While hypertension can affect the heart, it is not the direct cause of a murmur.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The closure of the pulmonic and mitral valves corresponds to heart sound S1, not S2.
B. The tricuspid and mitral valves close with S1.
C. Heart sound S2 represents the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves, signaling the end of systole and the beginning of diastole.
D. The mitral valve closes with S1, not S2.
E. The pulmonic and tricuspid valves do not correspond with S2.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Decreasing dietary protein does not directly affect the spread of respiratory infections. Protein is important for maintaining immune function.
B. Obtaining flu vaccines is an effective way to reduce the spread of respiratory infections, especially among older adults who are at higher risk.
C. Overhydration is not related to infection control and is not necessary in this context.
D. While handkerchiefs may help with containing respiratory droplets, disposable tissues are generally more hygienic.
E. Limiting daily activity is unnecessary for preventing respiratory infections and could negatively impact overall health.