A client asks the nurse to describe what causes a murmur. What would be the correct response by the nurse?
"Poor electric impulse conduction through the heart
"Turbulent blood flow through the heart valves"
"Enlargement of the left ventricle."
"Weak contraction of the atria."
"Long-term systemic hypertension."
The Correct Answer is B
A. Poor electrical impulse conduction may lead to arrhythmias but does not cause a murmur.
B. A heart murmur is caused by turbulent blood flow, often through narrowed or leaking valves, creating an abnormal heart sound.
C. Left ventricular enlargement can contribute to other cardiac issues but does not directly cause murmurs.
D. Weak atrial contractions may lead to decreased cardiac output but not necessarily to a murmur.
E. While hypertension can affect the heart, it is not the direct cause of a murmur.
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Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]
Explanation
A. Edema is a common finding in heart failure due to fluid retention.
B. Shortness of breath occurs due to fluid accumulation in the lungs, common in heart failure.
C. Increased appetite is not typical in heart failure; decreased appetite is more common.
D. Weight gain due to fluid retention is more common in heart failure, rather than extreme weight loss.
E. Jugular vein distention is a classic sign of right-sided heart failure due to increased central venous pressure.
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. Cutaneous pain refers to pain from the skin and subcutaneous tissues, which is not described here.
B. Parasympathetic pain is not a recognized category of pain.
C. Visceral pain arises from internal organs and does not typically present as sharp, tingling, or numb.
D. Deep somatic pain is related to muscles, joints, and bones and typically does not have the sharp, tingling quality described.
E. Neuropathic pain is characterized by sharp, tingling sensations and numbness, often resulting from nerve damage, which fits the client's description.