A client asks the nurse to describe what causes a murmur. What would be the correct response by the nurse?
"Poor electric impulse conduction through the heart
"Turbulent blood flow through the heart valves"
"Enlargement of the left ventricle."
"Weak contraction of the atria."
"Long-term systemic hypertension."
The Correct Answer is B
A. Poor electrical impulse conduction may lead to arrhythmias but does not cause a murmur.
B. A heart murmur is caused by turbulent blood flow, often through narrowed or leaking valves, creating an abnormal heart sound.
C. Left ventricular enlargement can contribute to other cardiac issues but does not directly cause murmurs.
D. Weak atrial contractions may lead to decreased cardiac output but not necessarily to a murmur.
E. While hypertension can affect the heart, it is not the direct cause of a murmur.
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Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]
Explanation
A. Immobility is a significant risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE) since prolonged inactivity can lead to stasis of blood flow, increasing clot formation risk.
B. Smoking contributes to hypercoagulability and vascular damage, both of which elevate the risk of clot formation in veins.
C. A history of stomach ulcers is not directly associated with an increased risk of blood clots; rather, it pertains more to gastrointestinal health.
D. Overhydration generally does not increase the risk of blood clots; rather, maintaining adequate hydration is important for circulation.
E. Taking birth control pills can increase the risk of blood clots due to hormonal changes that promote hypercoagulability.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Poor electrical impulse conduction may lead to arrhythmias but does not cause a murmur.
B. A heart murmur is caused by turbulent blood flow, often through narrowed or leaking valves, creating an abnormal heart sound.
C. Left ventricular enlargement can contribute to other cardiac issues but does not directly cause murmurs.
D. Weak atrial contractions may lead to decreased cardiac output but not necessarily to a murmur.
E. While hypertension can affect the heart, it is not the direct cause of a murmur.