A charge nurse has four new clients arriving on the unit for admission. Which of the following clients should the nurse place in airborne precautions?
A client who has tuberculosis.
A client who has pneumonia.
A client who has shigella.
A client who has strep throat.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A Reason:
Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs and is spread through airborne particles. When a person with active TB coughs, sneezes, or talks, they release tiny droplets containing the bacteria into the air, which can be inhaled by others1. Therefore, placing a client with TB in airborne precautions is essential to prevent the spread of the infection. This involves using a negative pressure room and requiring healthcare workers to wear N95 respirators or higher-level protection.
Choice B Reason:
Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, which can fill with fluid or pus. While pneumonia can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, it is typically spread through respiratory droplets rather than airborne particles. Therefore, droplet precautions, rather than airborne precautions, are usually sufficient for managing clients with pneumonia. This includes wearing masks and maintaining a safe distance from the infected person.
Choice C Reason:
Shigella is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the intestines and is spread through the fecal-oral route. It is not transmitted through the air, so airborne precautions are not necessary. Instead, contact precautions are recommended to prevent the spread of Shigella, which involves wearing gloves and gowns when handling the patient or their environment and practicing good hand hygiene.
Choice D Reason:
Strep throat is a bacterial infection caused by group A Streptococcus. It is spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Similar to pneumonia, droplet precautions are sufficient for managing clients with strep throat. This includes wearing masks and maintaining a safe distance from the infected person to prevent the spread of the bacteria.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Airborne precautions are necessary for clients with tuberculosis (TB) because TB is an airborne disease. It is transmitted through tiny droplets released into the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. These precautions include placing the client in a negative pressure room, using N95 respirators for healthcare workers, and ensuring the client wears a surgical mask when outside their room. These measures help prevent the spread of TB to others.
Choice B Reason:
Protective precautions, also known as reverse isolation, are used to protect immunocompromised patients from infections. These precautions are not appropriate for a client with TB, as the primary concern is preventing the spread of TB from the infected client to others, not protecting the client from external infections.
Choice C Reason:
Contact precautions are used for infections that are spread by direct or indirect contact with the patient or their environment, such as MRSA or C. difficile. TB is not spread through contact but through airborne particles, so contact precautions are not sufficient for preventing the transmission of TB.
Choice D Reason:
Droplet precautions are used for diseases that are spread through large respiratory droplets, such as influenza or pertussis. While TB is a respiratory disease, it is spread through much smaller airborne particles that can remain suspended in the air for longer periods, making airborne precautions necessary instead of droplet precautions.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Going to bed at a different time each night can disrupt the body’s natural circadian rhythm, leading to poor sleep quality and increased stress levels. Consistent sleep schedules are crucial for maintaining good sleep hygiene and reducing stress. Regular sleep patterns help regulate the body’s internal clock, improve sleep quality, and enhance overall well-being.
Choice B Reason:
Attending a support group each week can provide emotional support, reduce feelings of isolation, and offer practical advice for managing stress. Support groups create a sense of community and belonging, which can be very beneficial for mental health. Sharing experiences and coping strategies with others who are going through similar situations can help individuals feel understood and supported.
Choice C Reason:
Doing tasks oneself rather than delegating can lead to increased stress and burnout, especially if the workload is overwhelming. Effective stress management includes recognizing when to delegate tasks to others. Delegation helps distribute the workload, prevents burnout, and allows individuals to focus on more critical tasks. It also fosters teamwork and collaboration.
Choice D Reason:
Exercising for 1 hour each week is beneficial, but it may not be sufficient for effective stress management. The American Heart Association recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week for optimal health benefits. Regular physical activity helps reduce stress, improve mood, and enhance overall physical and mental health.