Which statement made by a patient who is diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and is prescribed three antiretroviral medications, indicates the need for further teaching about the medication combination?
"Using three drugs at the same time enhances suppression of viral replication."
"If the virus becomes resistant to this combination, I will be switched to another combination of medications."
"Because the combination of medications kills the virus, I can stop taking the medications."
"My CD4 count should increase with this medication regimen."
The Correct Answer is C
A. This is a correct statement, as using multiple drugs helps to reduce the likelihood of resistance and enhances viral suppression.
B. This is accurate; if resistance develops, alternative medications or combinations can be considered.
C. This statement indicates a misunderstanding. Antiretroviral medications do not kill the virus; they suppress its replication. Lifelong adherence to antiretroviral therapy is necessary to manage HIV and prevent viral rebound.
D. Correct, as an effective regimen should lead to an increase in CD4 count and improved immune function.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Sharing eating utensils does not transmit HIV, as the virus is not spread through saliva.
B. Sharing razors is a high-risk activity for transmitting HIV because it can involve direct blood-to-blood contact if the razor causes cuts.
C. HIV transmission through kissing is highly unlikely due to low levels of the virus in saliva.
D. HIV cannot be spread through shared toilets, as the virus does not survive on surfaces and is not spread through casual contact.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. EEG is a monitoring tool for brain activity, but it is not a prerequisite for ventriculostomy placement.
B. While the procedure is carefully managed to reduce infection risk, ventriculostomy does have an infection risk due to its invasive nature.
C. Ventriculostomy is not inserted via the femoral artery; it is placed directly in the brain’s ventricles.
D. A ventriculostomy is used to monitor ICP and allows for the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid, which helps in managing elevated ICP in patients with brain injuries.