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Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone?

A.

Increased urine acidity

B.

Increased urine volume

C.

Increased urine salinity

D.

Decreased urine volume

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Increased urine acidity: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) primarily affects water reabsorption in the kidneys, not urine acidity. It does not have a direct effect on the acidity of the urine.

 

B. Increased urine volume: ADH works to conserve water by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, which decreases urine volume.

 

C. Increased urine salinity: While ADH does increase water reabsorption, which could concentrate the urine, its direct action is on water retention, not specifically on increasing urine salinity. 

 

D. Decreased urine volume: ADH promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to decreased urine output. This is the direct and correct result of ADH action.


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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Salivary glands are accessory organs of digestion as they secrete saliva containing enzymes to start digestion.

B. Liver is an accessory organ involved in digestion, particularly in bile production and processing nutrients.

C. Pancreas is an accessory organ that secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine.

D. Spleen is not involved in digestion; it is primarily involved in immune function and blood filtration.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Na+: Sodium (Na+) is the principal cation in the extracellular fluid (ECF), which includes interstitial fluid and blood plasma.

B. Ca2+: Calcium (Ca2+) is important in various bodily functions but is not the principal cation in the ECF. Sodium is more predominant in ECF.

C. Cl-: Chloride (Cl-) is the principal anion in the ECF, not a cation. Sodium is the principal cation.

D. K+: Potassium (K+) is the principal cation in the intracellular fluid (ICF), not the ECF. Sodium is the principal cation in the ECF.