Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone?
Increased urine acidity
Increased urine volume
Increased urine salinity
Decreased urine volume
The Correct Answer is D
A. Increased urine acidity: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) primarily affects water reabsorption in the kidneys, not urine acidity. It does not have a direct effect on the acidity of the urine.
B. Increased urine volume: ADH works to conserve water by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, which decreases urine volume.
C. Increased urine salinity: While ADH does increase water reabsorption, which could concentrate the urine, its direct action is on water retention, not specifically on increasing urine salinity.
D. Decreased urine volume: ADH promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to decreased urine output. This is the direct and correct result of ADH action.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Fundus is the upper part of the stomach, which does not regulate the flow of contents to the duodenum.
B. Gastric rugae are folds in the stomach lining that allow for expansion but do not regulate the flow of contents to the duodenum.
C. Pyloric sphincter controls the flow of partially digested food (chyme) from the stomach into the duodenum.
D. Antrum is the lower portion of the stomach that helps in mixing and grinding food but does not directly regulate its flow to the duodenum.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Lactose is a sugar in breast milk and is not the only source of nutrition during the first 2-3 days postpartum.
B. Casein is a protein found in breast milk but not the sole source of nutrition for the infant.
C. Colostrum is the nutrient-rich first milk produced by the mother in the first 2-3 days postpartum and provides essential nutrients and antibodies to the newborn.
D. Meconium is the infant's first stool and not a source of nutrition.