Which health teaching concept should the nurse emphasize when instructing the parents of a child with polycythemia caused by a congenital heart disorder?
Encourage progressive activity.
Expect the skin to turn yellow.
Prepare for seizures.
Prevent dehydration.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Encouraging progressive activity is generally beneficial for children with various health conditions, but it is not the primary focus for a child with polycythemia caused by a congenital heart disorder. The main concern is managing the increased blood viscosity and preventing complications related to it.
Choice B rationale
Expecting the skin to turn yellow is not a typical symptom of polycythemia. Jaundice is more commonly associated with liver conditions or hemolytic diseases, not polycythemia caused by congenital heart disorders.
Choice C rationale
Preparing for seizures is not directly related to polycythemia. Seizures are more commonly associated with neurological conditions or severe electrolyte imbalances, not polycythemia.
Choice D rationale
Preventing dehydration is crucial for children with polycythemia because dehydration can increase blood viscosity, leading to a higher risk of thrombotic events. Ensuring adequate hydration helps maintain proper blood flow and reduces the risk of complications.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Obtaining blood cultures is important for identifying the causative organism, but it should be done immediately before or concurrently with the administration of antibiotics.
Choice B rationale
Administering an intravenous antibiotic is the priority action for a child with suspected bacterial meningitis. Early administration of antibiotics is crucial to treat the infection and prevent complications such as brain swelling and seizures.
Choice C rationale
Preparing the child for a lumbar puncture is necessary for diagnosing meningitis, but it should not delay the administration of antibiotics.
Choice D rationale
Placing the child in isolation is important to prevent the spread of infection, but it is not the immediate priority over administering antibiotics.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Droplet precautions are used for infections spread through large respiratory droplets, such as influenza, but are not sufficient for measles.
Choice B rationale
Airborne precautions are necessary for measles, as it is spread through small droplets that can remain suspended in the air and travel over long distances.
Choice C rationale
Contact precautions are used for infections spread through direct contact with the patient or their environment, such as MRSA, but are not sufficient for measles.
Choice D rationale
A protective environment is used for patients with compromised immune systems to protect them from infections, not for preventing the spread of infections like measles.