Where does HDL in the body come from?
The small intestine
The pancreas
The liver
The gallbladder
The Correct Answer is C
A. The small intestine absorbs lipids but does not produce HDL (high-density lipoprotein).
B. The pancreas produces enzymes and hormones, but it does not produce HDL.
C. The liver is the primary organ responsible for the synthesis of HDL. HDL is involved in reverse cholesterol transport, carrying cholesterol from tissues back to the liver.
D. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile but does not produce HDL.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Glomerulus is involved in filtering blood but not in producing hypertonic urine.
B. Collecting duct reabsorbs water and concentrates urine, making it hypertonic.
C. Nephron loop (loop of Henle) creates a concentration gradient in the medulla that helps in water reabsorption but is not the primary site for final urine concentration. This option is partially correct but less specific than the collecting duct.
D. Proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs a significant portion of water and solutes but does not produce hypertonic urine.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen, not HCl.
B. Parietal cells in the stomach lining are responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid (HCl). This acid is crucial for digestion and killing pathogens.
C. Mucous cells secrete mucus, which protects the stomach lining from the acidic environment. They do not secrete HCl.
D. Regenerative (stem) cells are involved in the renewal of the stomach lining, but they do not secrete HCl.