When caring for a client with an upper respiratory infection (URI), the nurse is notified the client is taking guaifenesin (Mucinex). What is the mechanism of action of guaifenesin (Mucinex)?
Stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptors, thus producing vascular constriction of capillaries in nasal mucosa
Compete with histamine for receptor sites, thus preventing a histamine response and overall congestion.
Treat allergic rhinitis and prevent motion sickness.
Loosen bronchial secretion to assist in elimination.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptors, thus producing vascular constriction of capillaries in nasal mucosa: This describes the action of decongestants, not guaifenesin. Guaifenesin does not work by constricting blood vessels; rather, its primary function is to help manage mucus production.
B. Compete with histamine for receptor sites, thus preventing a histamine response and overall congestion: This mechanism is associated with antihistamines, which are used to relieve symptoms of allergic reactions, not with guaifenesin. Guaifenesin does not block histamine but focuses on mucus management.
C. Treat allergic rhinitis and prevent motion sickness: While these are common uses for antihistamines, they do not apply to guaifenesin. Guaifenesin is primarily an expectorant and is not indicated for treating allergic rhinitis or motion sickness.
D. Loosen bronchial secretion to assist in elimination: Guaifenesin acts as an expectorant, promoting the clearance of mucus from the airways by loosening bronchial secretions. This facilitates easier expectoration of mucus, helping to relieve chest congestion associated with upper respiratory infections.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A) Liver injury: Zafirlukast (Accolate) has been associated with the risk of liver injury. It is important for clients to be informed about this potential adverse effect, as it may require monitoring of liver function tests during treatment. Symptoms of liver injury, such as jaundice, dark urine, or severe fatigue, should prompt clients to seek medical attention.
B) Bradycardia: Bradycardia is not a commonly associated adverse effect of zafirlukast. This medication primarily works as a leukotriene receptor antagonist and does not typically affect heart rate significantly. Clients should be aware of other more relevant side effects rather than bradycardia.
C) Renal failure: Renal failure is not a known adverse effect of zafirlukast. While kidney function should always be monitored in patients taking various medications, zafirlukast specifically does not have a direct association with renal failure.
D) Bronchoconstriction: While bronchoconstriction is a concern in asthma management, zafirlukast is designed to prevent bronchoconstriction by blocking leukotriene receptors. Therefore, it is not an adverse effect of the medication. In fact, its purpose is to help reduce the incidence of bronchoconstriction and improve asthma control.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A) Beta-Blockers: The use of beta-blockers is a direct contraindication to albuterol administration. Albuterol is a beta-agonist that works by stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors to cause bronchodilation. Beta-blockers can antagonize this effect, potentially leading to increased bronchospasm and worsening asthma symptoms. Therefore, if a client is on beta-blockers, caution must be exercised when administering albuterol.
B) Anticholinergics: Anticholinergics, such as ipratropium, are often used in conjunction with beta-agonists like albuterol to provide synergistic effects in managing asthma. There are no direct contraindications between anticholinergics and albuterol, and they can be used together safely to improve bronchial dilation and mucus clearance.
C) Antihistamines: Antihistamines are not contraindicated with albuterol. While they may be used for managing allergic reactions and symptoms, they do not interfere with the action of beta-agonists. Therefore, a client taking antihistamines can still safely receive albuterol for acute asthma attacks.
D) Glucocorticoids: Glucocorticoids, such as prednisone, are often used in asthma management for their anti-inflammatory properties. They are not contraindicated with albuterol; in fact, they are commonly used together in asthma treatment plans. Glucocorticoids help to reduce airway inflammation, while albuterol provides quick relief from bronchospasm.