What is the rate on the rhythm strip in the image below?
90
110
73
50
The Correct Answer is A
A. To determine the heart rate from a rhythm strip, you can count the number of R-R intervals in a set time frame (typically 6 seconds) and multiply by 10 to convert to beats per minute. If the rhythm is regular, you can also use the 300 method by dividing 300 by the number of large squares between R waves. In this case, the rate is calculated to be 90 beats per minute.
B. A heart rate of 110 beats per minute would be classified as tachycardia and is not supported by the observed intervals.
C. A heart rate of 73 beats per minute would be a normal resting heart rate but does not match the calculation from the rhythm strip.
D. A heart rate of 50 beats per minute would indicate bradycardia, which is not reflected in this rhythm strip.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Assessing visual acuity directly tests cranial nerve II (the optic nerve), which is responsible for vision.
B. Eliciting the gag reflex tests cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal) and X (vagus), not cranial nerve II.
C. Checking for pupillary response to light primarily assesses the function of cranial nerve II but is more associated with cranial nerve III (oculomotor) since it involves the constriction of the pupil. While relevant, it is not the best standalone action for assessing cranial nerve II specifically.
D. Observing for facial symmetry is associated with cranial nerve VII (facial nerve), not cranial nerve II.
Correct Answer is ["B","D","E","F"]
Explanation
A. Hypoactive oil and sweat glands: Pregnancy typically causes increased activity in oil and sweat glands, not decreased.
B. Increased skin pigmentation: Increased pigmentation is common during pregnancy, often affecting areas like the areolas and abdomen.
C. Persistent migraine headaches: While some women may experience headaches in pregnancy, they are not an expected or typical finding and may require further assessment.
D. Facial edema: Mild facial edema can occur as pregnancy progresses, especially due to increased blood volume and fluid retention.
E. Melasma: Melasma, or "mask of pregnancy," is a common finding characterized by dark patches on the face due to hormonal changes.
F. Linea nigra: Linea nigra is a dark line that often appears on the abdomen during pregnancy as a result of hormonal changes.