What is the most abundant cation in the ICF?
K+
Ca 2+
Cl-
Na
The Correct Answer is A
A. K+: Potassium (K+) is the most abundant cation in the intracellular fluid (ICF). This is the correct answer.
B. Ca2+: Calcium (Ca2+) is not the most abundant cation in the ICF; it is found in lower concentrations within cells compared to potassium.
C. Cl-: Chloride (Cl-) is the most abundant anion in the extracellular fluid (ECF), not in the intracellular fluid.
D. Na: Sodium (Na) is the most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid (ECF), not in the intracellular fluid.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Salivary glands are accessory organs of digestion as they secrete saliva containing enzymes to start digestion.
B. Liver is an accessory organ involved in digestion, particularly in bile production and processing nutrients.
C. Pancreas is an accessory organ that secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine.
D. Spleen is not involved in digestion; it is primarily involved in immune function and blood filtration.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. 32; 36. Aerobic respiration, including glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, can produce up to 36 ATP per glucose. Anaerobic fermentation, however, only produces 2 ATP per glucose, not 36.
B. 32; 2. Aerobic respiration, including glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, typically produces up to 36 ATP per glucose, though 32 is a commonly cited figure depending on the specifics of the process. Anaerobic fermentation produces 2 ATP per glucose. The discrepancy in ATP production is due to differences in efficiency and accounting for the energy yield in different conditions.
C. 2; about the same, varying from one tissue to another. Anaerobic fermentation produces 2 ATP per glucose, but aerobic respiration (including glycolysis and subsequent steps) produces up to 36 ATP. The "about the same" part is not accurate for aerobic versus anaerobic processes.
D. 32; none. Anaerobic fermentation does produce ATP, specifically 2 ATP per glucose. Aerobic respiration produces up to 36 ATP per glucose.
E. 36; about the same, varying from one tissue to another. Aerobic respiration can produce up to 36 ATP per glucose, and anaerobic fermentation produces only 2 ATP per glucose. The ATP production difference is significant and not “about the same.”