The nursing staff in a labor and delivery unit has noticed an increase in the number of patients experiencing placental abruption.
The nurses begin to review demographics for the patients involved. Which risk factors will the nurses expect? Select all that apply.
Hypertensive disorders.
Uterine fibroids.
Cigarette smoking.
Abdominal trauma.
Methamphetamine use
Correct Answer : A,B,C,D,E
Choice A rationale
Hypertensive disorders, such as preeclampsia, increase the risk of placental abruption. They can cause changes in the blood vessels of the placenta, reducing blood flow and increasing the likelihood of separation.
Choice B rationale
Uterine fibroids, which are noncancerous growths in the uterus, can interfere with the proper attachment of the placenta, raising the risk of placental abruption.
Choice C rationale
Cigarette smoking contributes to placental abruption by reducing oxygen supply to the placenta, causing placental insufficiency and increasing the risk of premature separation.
Choice D rationale
Abdominal trauma, such as from a fall or car accident, can cause mechanical disruption of the placenta, leading to abruption.
Choice E rationale
Methamphetamine use can cause vasoconstriction and hypertension, which compromise placental blood flow and increase the risk of abruption.
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View Related questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Massaging the fundus can help contract the uterus and reduce bleeding. Ensuring IV access is crucial for administering medications rapidly. Methylergonovine (Methergine) and oxytocin help stimulate uterine contractions and reduce postpartum hemorrhage, which can be life-threatening.
Choice B rationale
Administering pain medication might be necessary, but it doesn't address the immediate issue of uterine atony and hemorrhage. Surgical intervention is a last resort and should be prepared for only if medical management fails.
Choice C rationale
Reassessing vital signs and monitoring is important, but it doesn't provide an immediate solution to the bleeding and uterine atony. Immediate action to contract the uterus is crucial.
Choice D rationale
Contacting the attending physician is important, but immediate intervention to stop the bleeding and address uterine atony is critical to prevent further complications.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Oral rehydration therapy is not used in place of feedings for infants undergoing phototherapy for elevated bilirubin levels. It's crucial to maintain proper nutrition and hydration through regular feedings.
Choice B rationale
Rotating the baby helps ensure even exposure to the bili lights, which aids in breaking down bilirubin effectively across the baby's body.
Choice C rationale
Applying restraints is inappropriate and unnecessary. It could cause distress and is not a standard practice for phototherapy.
Choice D rationale
Administering intravenous fluids is not typically needed unless there's a risk of dehydration or other medical indications as per the doctor's orders.