The nurse provides a client with a dose of the beta-selective adrenergic agonist isoproterenol. Which assessment finding indicates the medication is effective?
Constricted pupils
Warm, dry skin
Increased heart rate
Decreased urine output
The Correct Answer is C
A. Constricted pupils are not an expected response to isoproterenol, which generally causes dilation of the pupils due to sympathetic stimulation.
B. Warm, dry skin is not a direct indicator of the effectiveness of isoproterenol; it could result from various factors unrelated to the medication's action.
C. Increased heart rate indicates that isoproterenol, which is a beta-agonist, is effectively stimulating the beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to increased cardiac output and heart rate.
D. Decreased urine output is not a sign of effectiveness and could indicate adverse effects such as reduced renal perfusion.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Chest pain and pale skin are not typical adverse effects associated with diltiazem use.
B. Shortness of breath and wheezing may occur due to other conditions or medications but are not common adverse effects of diltiazem.
C. Calcium channel blockers like diltiazem can cause peripheral edema due to vasodilation and bradycardia as a result of their action on the heart rate. Monitoring for these effects is essential in patients taking diltiazem.
D. Tachycardia is not an expected adverse effect of diltiazem; in fact, it is used to manage conditions where tachycardia may be present. Anxiety is also not a direct adverse effect of this medication.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, meaning it helps retain potassium while promoting sodium and water excretion. This makes it advantageous for clients who may be at risk for hypokalemia with furosemide, which can lead to significant potassium loss.
B. This statement is incorrect; spironolactone causes less potassium loss compared to furosemide, making it a better option for those needing to maintain potassium levels.
C. This statement is misleading; spironolactone does promote diuresis but does not cause greater water losses than furosemide.
D. This is incorrect; while spironolactone does promote sodium excretion, it does not do so to a greater extent than furosemide, which is a more potent diuretic.