The nurse provides a client with a dose of the beta-selective adrenergic agonist isoproterenol. Which assessment finding indicates the medication is effective?
Constricted pupils
Warm, dry skin
Increased heart rate
Decreased urine output
The Correct Answer is C
A. Constricted pupils are not an expected response to isoproterenol, which generally causes dilation of the pupils due to sympathetic stimulation.
B. Warm, dry skin is not a direct indicator of the effectiveness of isoproterenol; it could result from various factors unrelated to the medication's action.
C. Increased heart rate indicates that isoproterenol, which is a beta-agonist, is effectively stimulating the beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to increased cardiac output and heart rate.
D. Decreased urine output is not a sign of effectiveness and could indicate adverse effects such as reduced renal perfusion.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Prothrombin time (PT) is used to monitor warfarin therapy, not heparin therapy.
B. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is the primary laboratory test used to assess the effectiveness of heparin therapy, measuring the time it takes for blood to clot and ensuring therapeutic levels.
C. The International normalized ratio (INR) is also related to warfarin therapy rather than heparin.
D. Serum potassium level is not relevant for assessing heparin therapy but may be monitored for other reasons.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Hypertension can affect drug distribution to some extent due to altered perfusion but is not the most significant factor impacting distribution, especially for a local condition like cellulitis.
B. Liver dysfunction primarily affects the metabolism and clearance of drugs rather than their distribution, although it may indirectly influence distribution by altering protein binding.
C. Peripheral vascular disease significantly impacts blood flow to the extremities, which can hinder the distribution of the antibiotic to the affected area (the left leg) where the cellulitis is present, leading to reduced drug efficacy.
D. Diverticulitis disease primarily affects the gastrointestinal system and would not directly influence the distribution of an antibiotic used to treat cellulitis in the leg.