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The nurse obtains information when performing a focused assessment of a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who has been admitted with increasing dyspnea (shortness of breath) over the last 3 days. Which finding is most important to report to the health care provider?

A.

Decreased lung sounds on expiration

B.

Respirations are 40 breaths/minute

C.

Anterior-posterior diameter ratio is 1:1

D.

Hyperresonance is noted to percussion

E.

Decreased tactile fremitus is present

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Decreased lung sounds on expiration are common in COPD patients due to airway obstruction but do not necessarily indicate an acute issue.

 

B. Respirations are 40 breaths/minute is a critical finding, as this rapid respiratory rate suggests significant respiratory distress or worsening hypoxemia, which needs immediate intervention to prevent further complications.

 

C. An anterior-posterior diameter ratio of 1:1 (barrel chest) is a common finding in advanced COPD but does not indicate acute worsening.

 

D. Hyperresonance to percussion is typical in patients with COPD due to air trapping and does not suggest an immediate emergency.

 

E. Decreased tactile fremitus may occur in COPD due to increased air trapping but is not an urgent finding requiring immediate reporting.


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View Related questions

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Hyperresonance is often heard in cases of pneumothorax or emphysema, not pneumonia.

B. Bubbling is not a percussed sound but rather a description of breath sounds or fluid.

C. Tympany is typically heard over hollow organs like the stomach and is not expected in lung assessment.

D. Dullness over lung tissue indicates fluid or consolidation, as seen in pneumonia.

E. Resonance is normal over healthy lung tissue but would not be expected over areas of consolidation.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "Leave" is not a part of the LEARN mnemonic.

B. "Leverage" is also not included in the LEARN mnemonic.

C. "Listen" is the correct answer; it encourages active listening to understand the client’s cultural needs and perspectives.

D. While "Look" may imply observation, it is not a component of the LEARN mnemonic.

E. "Liken" is not part of the LEARN mnemonic and is not relevant here.

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