The nurse is reviewing a client's daily medications taken at home. Which of the following medications has a risk of dependency if used daily?
bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
psyllium (Metamucil)
polyethylene glycol (MiraLAX)
docusate sodium (Colace)
The Correct Answer is A
A. Bisacodyl is a stimulant laxative that can lead to dependency if used daily, as the body may become reliant on the medication for bowel movements. Chronic use can also result in electrolyte imbalances and diminished bowel function.
B. Psyllium is a bulk-forming laxative that works by increasing the bulk of stool and does not typically lead to dependency.
C. Polyethylene glycol is an osmotic laxative that can be used daily without a significant risk of dependency, as it draws water into the bowel to facilitate stool passage.
D. Docusate sodium is a stool softener that aids in preventing constipation but does not carry a risk of dependency when used regularly.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hydralazine is a vasodilator that does not directly replace ACE inhibitors and is not the preferred alternative for managing hypertension or heart failure.
B. Metoprolol is a beta-blocker that is used for different indications and is not a direct substitute for ACE inhibitors.
C. Furosemide is a loop diuretic used for fluid management, not as an alternative to ACE inhibitors.
D. Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and serves as a suitable alternative to ACE inhibitors for patients who experience a cough from them, as ARBs do not typically cause this side effect.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is effective against Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax. It is often used as a first-line treatment for exposure to anthrax, especially in its inhalational form.
B. While amoxicillin/clavulanate can treat certain infections, it is not the preferred treatment for anthrax. It is less effective against anthrax compared to ciprofloxacin.
C. Nystatin is an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections and is not indicated for anthrax treatment.
D. Metronidazole is primarily used for anaerobic bacterial and protozoal infections, making it inappropriate for treating anthrax.