The nurse is reviewing a client's daily medications taken at home. Which of the following medications has a risk of dependency if used daily?
bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
psyllium (Metamucil)
polyethylene glycol (MiraLAX)
docusate sodium (Colace)
The Correct Answer is A
A. Bisacodyl is a stimulant laxative that can lead to dependency if used daily, as the body may become reliant on the medication for bowel movements. Chronic use can also result in electrolyte imbalances and diminished bowel function.
B. Psyllium is a bulk-forming laxative that works by increasing the bulk of stool and does not typically lead to dependency.
C. Polyethylene glycol is an osmotic laxative that can be used daily without a significant risk of dependency, as it draws water into the bowel to facilitate stool passage.
D. Docusate sodium is a stool softener that aids in preventing constipation but does not carry a risk of dependency when used regularly.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Galantamine is a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and would not be effective in treating a cholinergic crisis.
B. Physostigmine is also a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and would not be suitable for reversing a cholinergic crisis.
C. Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist used to reverse benzodiazepine effects, not cholinergic crises.
D. Atropine is an anticholinergic medication that is effective in reversing the effects of excessive acetylcholine during a cholinergic crisis, making it the appropriate choice in this situation.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]
Explanation
A. Decongestants are commonly used to relieve nasal congestion in upper respiratory tract infections by constricting blood vessels in the nasal passages.
B. Expectorants help thin mucus and are used in upper respiratory conditions to facilitate coughing up mucus.
C. H2 antagonists are primarily used to reduce stomach acid and are not indicated for upper respiratory conditions.
D. Short-acting beta agonists (SABAs) are primarily used in the management of lower respiratory tract conditions, such as asthma and COPD, rather than upper respiratory conditions.
E. H1 antagonists (antihistamines) are effective for treating allergic reactions and symptoms of upper respiratory infections, such as runny nose and sneezing.
F. Long-acting beta agonists (LABAs) are also used primarily for lower respiratory tract conditions and are not appropriate for treating upper respiratory issues.