The nurse is caring for a patient with respiratory problems. Which assessment finding indicates a late sign of hypoxia?
Elevated blood pressure
Increased pulse rate
Cyanosis
Restlessness
The Correct Answer is C
A. Elevated blood pressure may occur with various conditions but is not a specific late sign of hypoxia.
B. An increased pulse rate can be an early compensatory response to hypoxia rather than a late sign.
C. Cyanosis, which is a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes, is a classic late sign of hypoxia, indicating severe oxygen deprivation.
D. Restlessness may indicate early signs of hypoxia or anxiety rather than a late sign and can occur before cyanosis develops.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. "Readiness for enhanced urinary elimination" is classified as a health promotion diagnosis, indicating the patient’s desire to improve their health condition and adopt new health behaviors.
B. A risk diagnosis is used when there is a potential for problems to occur, not applicable in this scenario as the patient is actively seeking improvement.
C. A problem-focused diagnosis describes an existing problem that requires intervention; this situation reflects readiness for improvement, not an existing issue.
D. A collaborative problem involves potential complications that require both nursing and medical management; this case focuses on the patient's willingness to learn a self-management skill rather than managing a specific medical problem.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. "Risk for infection related to chest x-ray procedure" is not an appropriate diagnosis because a chest x-ray is a diagnostic tool, and pneumonia itself is the concern for infection.
B. "Impaired gas exchange related to alveolar-capillary membrane changes" is correct as pneumonia causes inflammation and consolidation in the lungs, which directly impacts gas exchange.
C. "Risk for deficient fluid volume related to dehydration" does not apply specifically to pneumonia unless the patient presents signs of dehydration, which is not indicated in the scenario.
D. "Ineffective breathing pattern related to pneumonia" could also be a valid diagnosis, but the primary concern given the information provided is gas exchange impairment.