The nurse is caring for a patient with a spinal cord injury who has a flaccid or atonic bladder. The nurse would provide discharge education to the patient and family regarding which bladder management technique?
Scheduled voiding
Intermittent catheterization
Indwelling urinary catheter
External catheter
The Correct Answer is B
A. Scheduled voiding is less effective in patients with a flaccid bladder because there is no voluntary control of bladder function.
B. Intermittent catheterization is the preferred management technique for a flaccid or atonic bladder, allowing the bladder to empty at regular intervals and reducing the risk of infection associated with continuous catheters.
C. An indwelling catheter is usually avoided for long-term use due to a higher risk of infection.
D. An external catheter is generally not effective for flaccid or atonic bladder management in spinal cord injuries as it doesn’t actively empty the bladder.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Sharing eating utensils does not transmit HIV, as the virus is not spread through saliva.
B. Sharing razors is a high-risk activity for transmitting HIV because it can involve direct blood-to-blood contact if the razor causes cuts.
C. HIV transmission through kissing is highly unlikely due to low levels of the virus in saliva.
D. HIV cannot be spread through shared toilets, as the virus does not survive on surfaces and is not spread through casual contact.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. While lung injury could occur in traumatic situations, it is not the primary reason for mechanical ventilation in the context of a spinal cord injury.
B. A history of smoking may affect lung health but does not directly justify the immediate need for mechanical ventilation following a spinal cord injury.
C. The nerves that control lung function may be injured in a cervical spinal cord injury, particularly at higher levels like C3-C5, leading to respiratory muscle paralysis and necessitating mechanical ventilation to support breathing.
D. While unconsciousness may complicate breathing, the primary concern is the loss of function in the spinal cord nerves controlling respiration.