The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with unstable angina who is prescribed metoprolol. The patient asks the nurse, "Why do I have to take this medication?" What response by the nurse is most accurate?
"This medication will decrease how hard your heart works."
"It is prescribed to dilate your coronary arteries."
"It will prevent any irregular heartbeats."
"This medication makes your heart beat more forcefully."
The Correct Answer is A
A. Metoprolol, a beta-blocker, decreases the heart rate and reduces myocardial oxygen demand by lowering the workload on the heart, which is beneficial for managing unstable angina.
B. While metoprolol has some vasodilatory effects, its primary action is to reduce heart workload, not to dilate coronary arteries.
C. Although beta-blockers can reduce the risk of arrhythmias, the main purpose in angina management is to decrease cardiac workload.
D. Metoprolol does not make the heart beat more forcefully; instead, it decreases the force of contraction to reduce myocardial oxygen consumption.
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Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Padded tongue blades are not appropriate for seizure management and are not necessary in this context.
B. Soft wrist restraints are not required in this scenario unless otherwise indicated.
C. An Ambu bag and oxygen are crucial for respiratory support, especially if the patient has compromised breathing due to spinal cord injury.
D. Wrenches should be readily available to quickly remove halo traction in case of an emergency, such as if the patient's airway needs to be accessed.
E. An oral suction tube (Yankauer) is important for managing oral secretions, which can be challenging for patients with limited mobility.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. While taking some medications with food or milk can help with absorption, this is not a specific requirement for lisinopril.
B. Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, can lead to elevated potassium levels. Periodic monitoring of potassium levels is essential to prevent hyperkalemia, a potentially dangerous side effect.
C. Increasing intake of green vegetables is generally healthy but does not directly impact lisinopril's effects.
D. Many salt substitutes contain potassium, which could elevate potassium levels further when taken with ACE inhibitors like lisinopril, posing a risk for hyperkalemia.