The nurse is caring for a client with swelling to the distal phalanges, first big toe, and 10/10 pain. Which medication below would be administered for this client's acute gout?
allopurinol
febuxostat
colchicine
physostigmine
The Correct Answer is C
A. Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for chronic gout management and prevention, not for acute attacks.
B. Febuxostat is also used for chronic management of gout and not effective for immediate relief of an acute attack.
C. Colchicine is indicated for the treatment of acute gout flares as it helps reduce inflammation and pain associated with gout attacks.
D. Physostigmine is an antidote for anticholinergic toxicity and has no role in treating gout.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist and is not indicated for anticholinergic overdose.
B. Atropine is an anticholinergic medication used to treat bradycardia and other conditions, but it would not be appropriate for treating an anticholinergic overdose, as it can worsen the symptoms.
C. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist and would not be effective in treating scopolamine overdose.
D. Physostigmine is a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor that can counteract the effects of anticholinergic agents, making it the appropriate choice for reversing scopolamine toxicity.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Macrolides, such as azithromycin and erythromycin, have a low cross-reactivity with penicillin and are typically safe alternatives for those with penicillin allergies.
B. Sulfonamides are not structurally similar to penicillins and generally do not have cross-sensitivity issues with penicillin allergies.
C. Cephalosporins share a similar beta-lactam structure to penicillins, which can result in cross-sensitivity in some individuals with a penicillin allergy. For this reason, they should be avoided or used with caution in these clients.
D. Tetracyclines have a different structure from penicillins and are usually safe for clients with penicillin allergies.