The nurse is caring for a client with increased ocular pressure due to open-angle glaucoma. Which diuretic below is used specifically for open-angle glaucoma?
hydrochlorothiazide
furosemide
acetazolamide
spironolactone
The Correct Answer is C
A. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that can be used for hypertension and edema but is not specifically indicated for open-angle glaucoma.
B. Furosemide is a loop diuretic used primarily for fluid overload conditions and does not have a specific role in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma.
C. Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that reduces aqueous humor production and is specifically used to lower intraocular pressure in clients with open-angle glaucoma.
D. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic used mainly for conditions like heart failure and hypertension, and it is not indicated for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
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B. Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, is a first-line treatment for hypertension due to its effectiveness and safety profile, making it a common choice for initial therapy.
C. Doxazosin is an alpha-1 blocker that can be used for hypertension but is not typically a first-line treatment due to the risk of side effects like hypotension.
D. Clonidine is a central alpha agonist used in certain situations for hypertension but is not considered a first-line therapy due to potential adverse effects and sedation.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hair loss is not a recognized long-term side effect of phenytoin.
B. Phenytoin is used to prevent seizures, not cause them; a reoccurrence of seizures may indicate ineffective control or medication issues, but it is not a side effect.
C. Hypertension is not typically associated with phenytoin use.
D. Gingival hyperplasia, or overgrowth of gum tissue, is a common long-term side effect of phenytoin and requires regular dental hygiene and monitoring.