The nurse is caring for a client in labor at term. The nurse reviews the external monitor tracing below. The nurse identifies that the deceleration pattern seen indicates which of the following?
Early decelerations.
Late decelerations.
Variable decelerations.
Prolonged decelerations.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Early decelerations are characterized by a gradual decrease and return to baseline of the fetal heart rate that coincides with the peak of a contraction. They are typically benign and related to fetal head compression.
Choice B rationale
Late decelerations are characterized by a gradual decrease and return to baseline of the fetal heart rate that occurs after the peak of a contraction. They are associated with uteroplacental insufficiency and require prompt intervention to improve fetal oxygenation.
Choice C rationale
Variable decelerations are characterized by an abrupt decrease in fetal heart rate that varies in duration, intensity, and timing relative to contractions. They are often caused by umbilical cord compression and may require interventions to relieve the compression.
Choice D rationale
Prolonged decelerations are characterized by a decrease in fetal heart rate that lasts longer than 2 minutes but less than 10 minutes. They indicate a more severe and sustained disruption in fetal oxygenation and require immediate intervention.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The presenting part being 2 cm below the ischial spines would be documented as +2 station, indicating that the fetal head is descending well into the pelvis.
Choice B rationale
The presenting part being 2 cm above the ischial spines is correctly documented as -2 station. This indicates that the fetal head is still relatively high in the pelvis and has not yet descended to the level of the ischial spines.
Choice C rationale
The presenting part being at the level of the ischial spines is documented as 0 station. This is the midpoint of the pelvis and indicates that the fetal head is engaged.
Choice D rationale
The presenting part being 2 cm below the cervix is not a standard way to describe fetal station. Station is measured relative to the ischial spines, not the cervix.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Monitoring the patient’s vocalizations and facial expressions can provide some information about the intensity of contractions, but it is subjective and not a reliable method for accurately assessing contraction intensity.
Choice B rationale
Palpating the maternal abdomen during a contraction is the best method for determining the intensity of contractions. By feeling the firmness of the uterus, the nurse can assess whether the contractions are mild, moderate, or strong. This method provides a more objective measure of contraction intensity compared to other methods.
Choice C rationale
Timing the amount of time between the ending of one contraction and the beginning of the next provides information about the frequency of contractions, not their intensity. This choice does not address the question of how to determine contraction intensity.
Choice D rationale
Palpating the maternal abdomen right after a contraction does not provide information about the intensity of the contraction that just occurred. The uterus will be relaxed after the contraction, making it difficult to assess the strength of the previous contraction.