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The nurse is assessing a patient with suspected bacterial meningitis and notes a positive Kernig sign. How should the nurse interpret this finding?

A.

Pain in the neck when the patient flexes their head towards the chest

B.

Involuntary flexion of the hips and knees when the neck is flexed

C.

Photophobia and headache triggered by bright light

D.

Pain and resistance when attempting to extend the patient's leg from a flexed position

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Pain in the neck when the patient flexes their head towards the chest. This describes nuchal rigidity, not Kernig sign.

 

B. Involuntary flexion of the hips and knees when the neck is flexed. This describes Brudzinski sign, not Kernig sign.

 

C. Photophobia and headache triggered by bright light. These are symptoms of meningitis, but they are not specific to Kernig sign.

 

D. Pain and resistance when attempting to extend the patient's leg from a flexed position. A positive Kernig sign is when there is pain and resistance to leg extension from a flexed hip and knee position, indicating meningeal irritation.


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View Related questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Otosclerosis. Otosclerosis is a common cause of conductive hearing loss, typically due to abnormal bone growth around the stapes in the middle ear.

B. Acoustic neuroma. Acoustic neuroma is associated with sensorineural hearing loss, not conductive hearing loss.

C. Meniere's disease. Meniere's disease usually causes sensorineural hearing loss, often accompanied by vertigo and tinnitus.

D. Presbycusis. Presbycusis is age-related sensorineural hearing loss and does not result in conductive hearing loss.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Asthma: Asthma is a respiratory condition and is not a common complication associated with diabetes.

B. Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis is a bone disease more commonly associated with hormonal changes, aging, or steroid use, not directly linked to diabetes.

C. Liver cirrhosis: Liver cirrhosis is usually caused by alcohol use, hepatitis, or other liver diseases, not directly due to diabetes.

D. Cardiovascular disease: Diabetes is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease due to its association with atherosclerosis, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.

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