Mr. Sprat is a 21-year-old patient who complains of nasal congestion. He admits to using recreational drugs. On examination, you have noted a septal perforation. Which recreational drug is commonly associated with nasal septum perforation?
heroin
ecstasy
cocaine
marijuana
The Correct Answer is C
A. Heroin use is generally associated with intravenous use and is less commonly linked to nasal septum perforation.
B. Ecstasy (MDMA) is primarily used in tablet form and is not typically associated with nasal use that would cause septal perforation.
C. Cocaine is frequently snorted, which can lead to irritation and damage to the nasal passages and septum, resulting in perforation.
D. Marijuana is usually smoked rather than snorted, and it is not commonly associated with nasal septum perforation.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Ventricular tachycardia: Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is identified by a regular, fast rhythm with wide QRS complexes, typically without visible P waves. This rhythm often appears as consecutive, large, uniform waves, which is consistent with what is seen in the diagram.
B. Asystole: Asystole is characterized by a flat line, indicating no electrical activity, which is not present in this strip.
C. Normal sinus rhythm: Normal sinus rhythm would show identifiable P waves, a normal QRS complex, and a regular rate, which are not observed here.
D. Ventricular fibrillation: Ventricular fibrillation appears as chaotic, irregular waveforms with no clear QRS complexes or organization, which does not match the rhythm shown.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The tympanic temperature of 37.1° C (98.8° F) is within normal limits and does not require re-measurement.
B. The respiratory rate of 14/min is also within the normal range (12-20 breaths per minute).
C. The blood pressure of 98/77 mm Hg is not alarmingly low and does not require immediate re-measurement.
D. A pulse rate of 42/min indicates bradycardia (normal resting heart rate is typically between