Mr. Sprat is a 21-year-old patient who complains of nasal congestion. He admits to using recreational drugs. On examination, you have noted a septal perforation. Which recreational drug is commonly associated with nasal septum perforation?
heroin
ecstasy
cocaine
marijuana
The Correct Answer is C
A. Heroin use is generally associated with intravenous use and is less commonly linked to nasal septum perforation.
B. Ecstasy (MDMA) is primarily used in tablet form and is not typically associated with nasal use that would cause septal perforation.
C. Cocaine is frequently snorted, which can lead to irritation and damage to the nasal passages and septum, resulting in perforation.
D. Marijuana is usually smoked rather than snorted, and it is not commonly associated with nasal septum perforation.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Observing for facial symmetry assesses cranial nerves VII (facial nerve) rather than cranial nerve III.
B. Checking the pupillary response to light assesses cranial nerve III (oculomotor nerve), which controls pupil constriction and extraocular eye movements.
C. Testing visual acuity assesses cranial nerve II (optic nerve), not cranial nerve III.
D. Eliciting the gag reflex assesses cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal) and X (vagus), not cranial nerve III.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Having the child bend at the waist allows the nurse to observe the spine for any abnormal curvature indicative of scoliosis, such as uneven shoulders or a rib hump.
B. Measuring the distance between the knees and the ankles is not a technique used to screen for scoliosis; it is more related to assessing leg length discrepancies.
C. Measuring the length of each leg does not assess for scoliosis but is more relevant for evaluating leg length inequalities.
D. Asking the child to walk across the room is useful for assessing gait and balance but does not directly assess for scoliosis.