A patient is recovering from a myocardial infarction (MI). Which of the following complications should the nurse be most concerned about if the patient reports new-onset shortness of breath and irregular heartbeats?
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Hypertension
Heart Failure
The Correct Answer is D
A. Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD). PAD is a chronic condition related to reduced blood flow in peripheral arteries. It is not directly associated with MI complications.
B. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). GERD involves acid reflux and is not related to post-MI complications.
C. Hypertension. While hypertension is a risk factor for MI, it does not directly explain the symptoms of shortness of breath and irregular heartbeats following an MI.
D. Heart Failure. Heart failure is a common post-MI complication, especially if a significant portion of heart muscle is damaged. Symptoms of shortness of breath and irregular heartbeats could indicate left-sided heart failure, where fluid backs up into the lungs, or right-sided failure, which can lead to systemic congestion.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Share personal items like razors and toothbrushes. Sharing personal items that may come in contact with blood or body fluids, like razors and toothbrushes, increases the risk of spreading hepatitis, so clients should avoid sharing these items.
B. Drink alcohol in moderation to avoid liver strain. Clients with hepatitis should avoid alcohol entirely, as alcohol can worsen liver inflammation and damage, which would strain the liver further.
C. Wash your hands thoroughly after using the bathroom. Hand hygiene is crucial, especially for hepatitis A, which can spread through fecal-oral transmission. Washing hands can prevent the spread of the virus to others.
D. Avoid all physical activities to conserve energy. Although clients may need to rest, they do not need to avoid all physical activity. Light, tolerated activity can help maintain strength and prevent complications from immobility.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Include high-fat foods to maintain weight. High-fat foods can worsen symptoms in ulcerative colitis by increasing bowel irritation and causing malabsorption. A balanced diet that is low in fat is usually recommended.
B. Eat three large meals a day to ensure adequate nutrition. Large meals can increase digestive workload and exacerbate symptoms. Smaller, more frequent meals are generally better tolerated.
C. Increase intake of dairy products to boost calcium levels. Many patients with ulcerative colitis are lactose intolerant or sensitive to dairy, which can worsen symptoms. Calcium can be obtained from other sources if needed.
D. Consume a low-fiber diet to minimize bowel irritation. A low-fiber diet can reduce mechanical irritation in the bowel, which is beneficial during flare-ups of ulcerative colitis.