A nurse preparing to start a blood transfusion will use which type of tubing?
An air vent to let bubbles into the blood
One with a filter to ensure that clots do not enter the patient
An injection port to mix additional electrolytes into the blood
Two-way valves to allow the patient's blood to mix and warm the blood transfusing
The Correct Answer is B
A. An air vent allowing bubbles into the blood would be unsafe and can cause air embolism, so this option is incorrect.
B. Using tubing with a filter is standard practice for blood transfusions to prevent clots and debris from entering the patient’s bloodstream, making this the correct choice.
C. Mixing additional electrolytes into the blood is not a standard practice during transfusions, as it can cause complications; thus, this option is not appropriate.
D. Two-way valves are not typically used in blood transfusion setups; the goal is to keep the blood product separate from other fluids unless specifically indicated.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Chest physiotherapy is used to mobilize secretions and improve lung function, not specifically for increasing stroke volume or preload.
B. Diuretics would decrease preload by removing excess fluid, which is counterproductive in a patient with inadequate stroke volume related to decreased preload.
C. Vasodilators can further decrease preload and are not appropriate in this scenario where preload needs to be increased.
D. Intravenous (IV) fluids are administered to increase preload and improve stroke volume by enhancing the circulating blood volume.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The pharmacist is responsible for filling prescriptions accurately but does not have control over how the nurse interprets the prescription once received.
B. The nurse has the ultimate responsibility for verifying and administering medications safely, including clarifying unclear prescriptions before administration.
C. The hospital has policies and systems in place to reduce errors, but accountability for individual actions lies with the nurse administering the medication.
D. The health care provider is responsible for prescribing medications accurately; however, the nurse must confirm and clarify any unclear prescriptions before administration.