A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about adverse effects of medications.
The nurse should include that which of the following medications can cause constipation?
Anticholinergics/antispasmodics.
Opioid narcotics.
Iron supplements.
Magnesium-containing antacids.
Correct Answer : A,B,C
Choice A rationale
Anticholinergics/antispasmodics can cause constipation by reducing the muscle contractions of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to slower movement of contents and resulting in constipation.
Choice B rationale
Opioid narcotics cause constipation by binding to opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, which decreases intestinal motility and inhibits the secretion of fluids, leading to hard and dry stools.
Choice C rationale
Iron supplements can cause constipation as a common side effect due to their effect on the gastrointestinal tract. They can make stools harder and more difficult to pass.
Choice D rationale
Magnesium-containing antacids typically do not cause constipation. In fact, they are more likely to have a laxative effect due to the presence of magnesium, which can increase water in the intestines and soften stools.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Aging usually leads to a decrease in muscle tone of the bowel rather than an increase, which can result in slower bowel movements and constipation.
Choice B rationale
Gastric acid production tends to decrease with age, not increase. This can affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and also increase the risk of stomach infections.
Choice C rationale
The pH of the stomach tends to become less acidic (increase) as one ages, not decrease. This is often due to the reduced production of gastric acid.
Choice D rationale
Decreased intestinal peristalsis is a common physiological change in older adults. This slowing down of the intestinal movements can lead to constipation and other digestive issues.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A sigmoid colostomy usually produces stool that is more formed compared to an ileostomy. This is because the colostomy is created from the sigmoid colon, where water absorption occurs.
Choice B rationale
The stoma should not be painful after the procedure. Pain may indicate complications, and the stoma itself lacks nerve endings.
Choice C rationale
The stoma should be a bright red or pink color, indicating good blood supply. A purple color could suggest ischemia or poor blood flow.
Choice D rationale
A sigmoid colostomy is typically located in the left lower abdomen because the sigmoid colon is situated in this area of the body.