A nurse is teaching a client in her second trimester about measures to relieve heartburn during pregnancy.Which of the following measures does the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply)
Lie down after meals.
Remain upright after meals.
Eat small, frequent meals.
Drink 2 large glasses of water before each meal.
Discuss antacid recommendations with the provider.
Correct Answer : B,C,E
Choice A rationale
Lying down after meals can exacerbate heartburn by allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus. It is generally recommended to remain upright after eating to help prevent this.
Choice B rationale
Remaining upright after meals helps prevent heartburn by keeping stomach acid in the stomach and reducing the likelihood of acid reflux. This can be achieved by sitting or standing for at least 30 minutes after eating.
Choice C rationale
Eating small, frequent meals can help prevent heartburn by reducing the amount of food in the stomach at any one time, which decreases the pressure on the stomach and the likelihood of acid reflux.
Choice D rationale
Drinking large amounts of water before meals can increase the volume in the stomach and may exacerbate heartburn. It is generally better to drink fluids between meals rather than before or during meals.
Choice E rationale
Discussing antacid recommendations with the provider is appropriate. Antacids can help neutralize stomach acid and provide relief from heartburn, but it is important to consult with a healthcare provider to ensure that the chosen antacid is safe for use during pregnancy.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Not providing resources immediately may leave the patient feeling unsupported and isolated. It is important to offer resources and support to help the patient cope with the emotional and psychological impact of terminating a pregnancy due to a genetic abnormality.
Choice B rationale
Discussing the stages of grief is an appropriate nursing action. It helps the patient understand that their feelings are normal and provides a framework for processing their emotions. This support can be crucial in helping the patient navigate their grief and begin the healing process.
Choice C rationale
Encouraging the patient to rethink their decision is not appropriate. The decision to terminate a pregnancy due to a genetic abnormality is often difficult and deeply personal. It is important to respect the patient’s decision and provide support rather than questioning their choice.
Choice D rationale
Encouraging the couple not to share their emotions with each other can be harmful. Open communication between partners is essential for mutual support and understanding during such a challenging time. Encouraging them to share their feelings can strengthen their relationship and help them cope with the loss together.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The mother’s size does not significantly impact the effects of teratogen exposure on fetal development. Teratogens are substances that cause congenital abnormalities in a developing fetus, and their impact is more related to the timing, duration, and type of exposure rather than the mother’s physical characteristics.
Choice B rationale
The timing and duration of exposure are critical factors in determining the effects of teratogen exposure. Teratogens can cause the most harm during specific periods of fetal development, particularly during the first trimester when organogenesis occurs. The duration of exposure also influences the severity of the effects, with prolonged exposure leading to more significant developmental issues.
Choice C rationale
The type of teratogen is also important, as different teratogens can cause different types of congenital abnormalities. For example, alcohol can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome, while certain medications can cause neural tube defects. However, the timing and duration of exposure are generally considered more critical factors.
Choice D rationale
The father’s health does not directly impact the effects of teratogen exposure on fetal development. Teratogens affect the fetus through the mother’s exposure to harmful substances during pregnancy.